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In this work the role and importance of social networks as preferred environments for Web mining and sentiment analysis are discussed especially. In this work, selected properties of social networks that are relevant with respect to Web mining are briefly described and outline the general relationships between the two disciplines. The results are outperform and soundly support the main issue of the work, that social networks exhibit properties that make them very suitable for Web mining activities. As a key issue for the successful proliferation on online rating, trust is fast becoming the focus of many research initiatives. This work presents a review and categorization of the trust literature on websites aiming to provide the state of the art as far as research is concerned. Our analysis indicates a lack of research regarding processes for the development of trust and relationship building. The work seeks to fill this gap by proposing a theoretical model for the formation of trust in customer relationships over online rating in websites included-shopping websites.

Rule Mining, Classification, Data Mining Algorithms, K-Theory

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[10] Rami, M., Kleanthi, L., and Nikolaos M. Applying a Multicriteria Satisfaction Analysis Approach Based on User Preferences to Rank Usability Attributes in E-the travel industry Websites Journal of hypothetical and connected electronic business inquire about, 7 (3), 28-48, 2012.
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[14] Wu, F. Li, Hsiao-Hui. Kuo, Yo-Hsin. Notoriety assessment for picking a dependable counterparty in C2C web based business, Electronic Commerce research and Applications, 10(4), 28-36, 2013.
[15] Yu, X., Guo, S., Guo, J., and Huang, X. Rank B2C internet business sites in e-union dependent on AHP and fluffy TOPSIS, Expert Systems with Applications, 38 ( 4), 3550-3557. 2011.
[16] Verma, Neha, Dheeraj Malhotra, Monica Malhotra, and Jatinder Singh. Internet business Website Rating Using Semantic Web Mining and Neural Computing. Procedia Computer Science 45 (2015): pp. 42-51, ELSEVIER.
[17] Hepp, Martin. The Web of Data for E-Commerce: Schema. organization and GoodRelations for Researchers and Practitioners. In Engineering the Web in the Big Data Era, pp. 723-727. Springer International Publishing, 2015.
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Savan Joshi, Anubhav Sharma, Anshul Sarawagi, "Sentiment analysis in online rating using FP-feed forward artificial neural networks," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.1453-1458, 2019.

Data mining is a methodology that takes information as information and yields learning. Such information objects, which are overwhelming not quite the same as or conflicting with the staying set of information, are called exceptions. An anomaly is an informational index which is not quite the same as the rest of the information. In recent research extraction of temporal information that too in specific medical domain came into significance, where the different research performed in this segment. In existing work paper CRF based technique which is conditional random field’s model is used. They achieved best f-measure, accuracy and precision parameters while comparing with other approach such as Baseline, CRF+ Lexical is used. The future work remain by the research is developing of semi-supervised scheme for the temporal extraction and also working with un-annotated data text to make it annotating and thus obtaining better precision, recall, accuracy and F- Measure values.

Rule Mining, Classification, Data Mining Algorithms, K-Theory

[1] M. Nikhil Kumar*, K.V.S. Koushik, K. John Sundar, Data Mining and Machine Learning Techniques for Cyber Security Intrusion Detection, 2018 IJSRCSEIT | Volume 3 | Issue 3 | ISSN : 2456-3307.
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[5] Brijesh Kumar Baradwaj, Saurabh Pal Mining Educational Data to Analyze Students Performance (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 6, 2011
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[11] Sonali Agarwal, Data Mining in Education: Data Classification and Decision Tree Approach, International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning, Vol. 2, No. 2, April 2012.
[12] G. N. Pandey Data Classification and Decision Tree Approach, International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning, Vol. 2, No. 2, April 2012.
[13] A. Merceron and K. Yacef, Educational Data Mining: a Case Study, In C. Looi; G. McCalla; B. Bredeweg; J. Breuker, article director, Proceedings of the twelfth overall Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education AIED, pp. 467–474. Amsterdam, IOS Press, 2005.
[14] Chanchal Yadav, Algorithm and approaches to manage handle immense Data-A Survey, IJCSN International Journal of Computer Science and Network, Vol 2, Issue 3, 2013 ISSN (Online) : 2277-5420.
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[16] Trupti A. Kumbhare Prof. Santosh V. Chobe, An Overview of Association Rule Mining Algorithms, Trupti A. Kumbhare et al,/(IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 5 (1) , 2014, 927-930.
[17] Jyoti Arora1, Nidhi Bhalla2, Sanjeev Rao3, A REVIEW ON ASSOCIATION RULE MINING ALGORITHMS, ISSN ONLINE (2320-9801).
[18] Soumadip Ghosh1, Association Rule Mining Algorithms and Genetic Algorithm: A Comparative Study, 2012 Third International Conference on Emerging Applications of Information Technology (EAIT).
[19] Zebang Chen, Takehiro Yamamoto, Katsumi Tanaka, Query Suggestion for Struggling Search by Struggling Flow Graph, IEEE 2016.
[20] Huiping Peng, Discovery of Interesting Association Rules Based on Web Usage Mining 2010 International Conference.
[21] Hao Yan, Bo Zhang, Yibo Zhang, Fang Liu, Zhenming Lei Web use mining reliant on WAN customers` practices 2010 International Conference.
[22] A. B. M. Rezbaul Islam; Tae-Sun Chung, An Improved Frequent Pattern Tree Based Association Rule Mining Technique,IEEE 2011.
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[27] Rupali Haldulakar, Prof. Jitendra Agrawal, Optimization of Association Rule Mining through Genetic Algorithm, International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE), Vol. 3, Issue. 3, Mar 2011.
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Vaishali Sahu, Anubhav Sharma, Anshul Sarawagi, "Data Mining Technique for Temporal Association Mining using SPN-Sigmoid Neural Networks," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.1459-1465, 2019.

The proposed method breaks the color image into its individual color component and then fuzzy filter based canny Edge detection technique is applied. This technique depends on the fuzzy rule-based system using 2 X 2 window mask which is used to modify membership value of the image in different fuzzy sets (which means it will smoothen the image), and this filtered image is given as input to canny edge detection technique and finally after this morphological processing is used. The Performance Parameter becomes better by combining Fuzzy and Canny Edge Detection and also morphological operations. The results were compared with other edge detection techniques like interactive image segmentation by maximal similarity based region merging (MSRM) and Image segmentation using transition region. Therefore it is evident that the developed Algorithm provides Improved Performance parameters for detecting the edge against the wide range of Applications.

Image Segmentation, Fuzzy-canny Method, Morphological Operation, Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR)

[1] Dingwen Zhang, Junwei Han, Lu Jiang, Senmao Ye, and Xiaojun Chang, “Revealing Event Saliency in Unconstrained Video Collection”, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 26, No. 4, April 2017
[2] A.G. Rudnitskii, M.A. Rudnytska, “Segmentation and Denoising of Phase Contrast MRI Image of the Aortic Lumen Via Fractal and Morphological Processing”, 37th International Conference on Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO), 2017 IEEE.
[3] D. Chudasama, T. Patel, S. Joshi, G. Prajapati “Survey on Various Edge Detection Techniques on Noisy Images” , IJERT International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 3 Issue 10, October- 2014.
[4] Maini, Raman, and Himanshu Aggarwal, "Study and comparison of various image edge detection techniques", International Journal of Image Processing (IJIP), Issue 3, no. 1, Pp. 1-11, 2009.
[5] Er. Komal Sharma, Er. Navneet Kaur, “Comparative Analysis of Various Edge Detection Techniques”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 12, December 2013.
[6] Ur Rehman Khan, K. Thakur “An Efficient Fuzzy Logic Based Edge Detection Algorithm for Gray Scale Image”, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 2, Issue 8, August 2012).
[7] S. Patel, P.Trivedi, V. Gandhi and G. Prajapati, “2D Basic Shape Detection Using Region Properties” IJERT International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 5, May-2013.
[8] Mrs. A. Borkar, Mr. M.Atulkumar “Detection of Edges Using Fuzzy Inference System”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol. 1, Issue 1, March 2013.
[9] T. Gajpal, Mr. S. Meshram “Edge Detection Technique Using Hybrid Fuzzy logic Method”, IJERT International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 2, Febuary-2013.
[10] M. L Comer, E. J. Delp “Morphological operations for color image processing” electronic imaging spiedigitallibrary.
[11] B. Baets, E. Kerre, M. Gupta “Fundamentals of Fuzzy Mathematical Morphology Part 1 Basic concepts” Overseas Publishers Association.
[12] R. Haralick and L. Shapiro Computer and Robot Vision, Vol. 1, Chap. 5, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1992.

Anurag Bhargava, Vineeta Saxena Nigam, "Multi Objective Detection from High Resolution Satellite Images using Segmentation and Morphological Operation," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.1466-1470, 2019.

Electricity theft is a comprehensive problem in both developing and developed countries. Although the theft causes great economic losses and reduces reliability of power grids, the problem continues to grow. This paper proposes a mathematical model of multi-featured prepaid-postpaid energy meter with distorted distribution voltage. The evidence shows that theft is increasing in most regions of the world. The financial impacts of theft are reduced income from the sale of electricity and the necessity to charge more to consumers. Electricity theft is closely related to governance indicators, with higher levels of theft in countries without effective accountability, political instability, low government effectiveness and high levels of corruption. Distorted distribution voltage is the most significant revision in the new configuration since traditional distribution voltage is directly consumable in electric powered devices and facilitates the theft. The proposed model is simulated and tested over MATLAB/ platform. The results obtained are promising and complying with the existing system.

Prepaid, Postpaid, Energy Meter, Distribution Voltage

[1] Joaquim L. Viegas, Paulo R. Esteves, R. Melício, V.M.F. Mendes, Susana M. Vieira, “Solutions for detection of non-technical losses in the electricity grid: A review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 80, 2017, pp. 1256-68.
[2] Vasundhara Gaur, Eshita Gupta, “The determinants of electricity theft: An empirical analysis of Indian states,” Energy Policy, Vol. 93, 2016, pp. 127–136.
[3] P Shekhar, “Secured Techno-Economic Growth of India: Unleashing Hidden Growth Potential,” Micro Media Marketing Pvt. Ltd, 2014.
[4] V. Preethi and G. Harish, "Design and implementation of smart energy meter," International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT), Coimbatore, 2016, pp. 1-5.
[5] Joaquim L. Viegas, Paulo R. Esteves, R. Melício, V.M.F. Mendes, Susana M. Vieira, “Solutions for detection of non-technical losses in the electricity grid: A review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 80, 2017, pp. 1256-68.
[6] Soma Shekara Sreenadh Reddy Depuru; Lingfeng Wang; Vijay Devabhaktuni; Nikhil Gudi, “Smart meters for power grid— Challenges, issues, advantages and status,” IEEE/ PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition, Phoenix, AZ, 2011, pp. 1-7.
[7] Fernando Deluno Garcia; Fernando Pinhabel Marafão; Wesley Angelino de Souza; Luiz Carlos Pereira da Silva, “Power Metering: History and Future Trends”, Ninth Annual IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech), Denver, CO, 2017, pp. 26-33.
[8] Bernard Neenan, Ross C. Hemphill, “Societal Benefits of Smart Metering Investments,” The Electricity Journal, Vol. 21, Issue 8, 2008, pp. 32-45.
[9] Sook-Chin Yip, KokSheik Wong, Wooi-Ping Hew, Ming-Tao Gan, Raphael C.-W. Phan, Su-Wei Tan, “Detection of energy theft and defective smart meters in smart grids using linear regression,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 91, 2017, pp. 230-240.
[10] B. Yildiz, J.I. Bilbao, J. Dore, A.B. Sproul, “Recent advances in the analysis of residekntial electricity consumption and applications of smart meter data,” Applied Energy, Vol. 208, 2017, pp. 402-427.
[11] Amit. J and Mohnish B, “A Prepaid Meter using mobile communication,” International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2011, pp. 160- 166.
[12] P. Loganthurai, M. Shalini, A. Vanmathi, M. Veera lakshmi and V. Vivitha, "Smart energy meter billing using GSM with warning system," IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Techniques in Control, Optimization and Signal Processing (INCOS), Srivilliputhur, 2017, pp. 1-4.

Shikhar Kumar Dubey, Romi Jain, "Prepaid-Postpaid Energy Meter with Distorted Distribution Voltage to Prevent Electricity Theft," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.1471-1475, 2019.

In this paper, some transition region based segmentation approaches have developed to perform image segmentation for grayscale and colour images. In computer vision and image understanding applications, image segmentation is an important pre-processing step. The main goal of the segmentation process is the separation of foreground region from background region. Based on the output of the segmentation result, segmentation can be categorized as global segmentation or local segmentation. The global segmentation aims for complete separation of the object from the background while the local segmentation divides the image into constituent regions. For any image consisting of foreground and background, some transition regions exist between the foreground and background regions. Effective extraction of transition region leads to a better segmentation result. Therefore, efficient and effective transition regions based on threshold filter approaches for image segmentation for both grayscale and colour images.

Image Segmentation, False Positive Rate (FPR), False Negative Rate (FNR), Misclassification Error (ME)

[1] Priyadarsan Parida, Nilamani Bhoi and Priyanka Dewangan,“Color Image Segmentation Based on Transition Region and Morphological Processing”, WiSPNET Conference, IEEE 2017.
[2] Priyadarsan Parida and Nilamani Bhoi, “Transition region based single and multiple object segmentation of gray scale images”, Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, Elsevier 2016.
[3] I Made Oka Widyantara ; I Made Dwi Putra Asana ; N.M.A.E.D. Wirastuti ; Ida Bagus Putu Adnyana, “Image Enhancement Using Morphological Contrast Enhancement For Video based Image Analysis”, International Conference on Data and Software Engineering (ICoDSE), IEEE 2016.
[4] Ashwani Kumar Yadav, Ratnadeep Roy and Rajkumar, “Thresholding and morphological based segmentation techniques for medical images”, International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE), IEEE 2016.
[5] Ravi Kiran Boggavarapu and Pushpendra Kumar Pateriya, “Efficient method for counting and tracking of moving objects through region segmentation”, International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC), IEEE 2016.
[6] Soma Dey and Rajat Subhra Goswami, “A morphological segmentation and curve-let features extraction on text region classification using SVM”, International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC), IEEE 2015.
[7] L. Ramya ; N. Sasirekha, “A robust segmentation algorithm using morphological operators for detection of tumor in MRI” International Conference on Innovations in Information, Embedded and Communication Systems (ICIIECS), IEEE 2015.
[8] Vahid Khodadadi ; Emad Fatemizadeh and S. Kamaledin Setarehdan, “Overlapped Cells Separation Algorithm Based on Morphological System using Distance Minimums in Microscopic Image”, 22nd Iranian Conference on Biomedical Engineering (ICBME), IEEE 2015.
[9] Anindya Gupta ; Olev Martens ; Yannick Le Moullec and Tönis Saar, “Methods for Increased Sensitivity and Scope in Automatic Segmentation and Detection of Lung Nodules in CT Images”, International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT), IEEE 2015.
[10] D. Chudasama, T. Patel, S. Joshi, G. Prajapati “Survey on Various Edge Detection Techniques on Noisy Images” , IJERT International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 3 Issue 10, October- 2014.
[11] Er. Komal Sharma, Er. Navneet Kaur, “Comparative Analysis of Various Edge Detection Techniques”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 12, December 2013.
[12] S. Patel, P.Trivedi, V. Gandhi and G. Prajapati, “2D Basic Shape Detection Using Region Properties” IJERT International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 5, May-2013.

Arushi Banerjee, Vineeta Saxena Nigam, "Efficient and Effective Transition Regions Based on Threshold Filter Approaches for Image Segmentation," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.1476-1480, 2019.

Filter bank Multicarrier (FBMC) is a novel technique evolved from OFDM which resolves most of these problems by taking a filtering approach to multicarrier communication system. FBMC signals can easily meet the Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) and they do not use cyclic prefix thus improves spectral efficiency. The Filter bank Multicarrier (FBMC) transmission technique also leads to enhanced physical layer for future communication systems and it is an enabling technology for cognitive radio environment. Due to the inclusion of band-limited pulse shaping filters into the signal model in FBMC technique, the design of efficient transceiver architectures for multicarrier systems becomes a challenging task. In this paper the studied of MIMO technique for FBMC transceiver for 5G technologies is presented.

Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), Filter Bank, MIMO System, 5G Technology

[1] Zongmiao He, Lingyu Zhou, Yiou Chen, Xiang Ling, “Filter Optimization of Out-of-Band Emission and BER Analysis for FBMC-OQAM System in 5G”, 2017 9th IEEE International Conference on Communication Software and Networks.
[2] Mawlawi, B., Dore, J.B., Berg, V. “Optimizing contention based access methods for FBMC waveforms, Int. Conf. on Military Commun. and Information Systems,” Cracow, Poland, May 2015, pp.1-6.
[3] Viholainen, A.,Ihalainen, T., Stitz, T.H., Renfors, M., and Bellanger “Prototype filter design for filter bank based multicarrier transmission,” 17 th Euro. Signal Process Conf., Glasgow, Scotland, August 2009, pp. 24-28.
[4] Chen, D., Qu, D.M., and Jiang, T. “Novel prototype filter design for FBMC base cognitive radio systems through direct optimization of filter coefficients,” IEEE Int. Conf. Wirel. Commun. &Signal Proc., Suzhou, China, October 2010, pp. 21-23.
[5] P. Siohan, C. Siclet, and N. Lacaille, “Analysis and design of OFDM/OQAM systems based on filter bank theory,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 1170–1183, May 2002.
[6] B. Farhang-Boroujeny, ”OFDM Versus Filter Bank Multicarrier”, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 28, pp. 92-112, May 2011.
[7] B. Farhang-Boroujeny, “Cosine Modulated and Offset QAM Filter Bank Multicarrier Techniques A Continuous-Time Prospect,” EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, pp. 6, Jan 2010.
[8] V. Ari, B. Maurice, and H. Mathieu, “WP5: Prototype filter and filter bank structure”, PHYDYASPHYsical layer for Dynamic AccesS and cognitive radio, Jan 2009.
[9] B. Hirosaki, “An analysis of automatic equalizers for orthogonally multiplexed QAM systems,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, 28(1). pp. 73-83, Jan. 1980.
[10] S. Nedic and N. Popvic, ”Per-bin DFE for advanced OQAM-based multicarrier wireless data transmission systems,” Broadband Communications, 2002. Access, Transmission, Networking. 2002 International Zurich Seminar on, pp. 38-1, Feb. 2002.
[11] D. S. Waldhauser, L. G. Baltar and J. A. Nossek,”MMSE subcarrier for filter bank based multicarrier systems,” Proc. IEEE 9th Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications, pp.525-529, July 2008.
[12] A. Ikhlef and J. Louveaux, ”An enhanced MMSE per subchannel equalizer for highly frequency selective channels for FBMC/OQAM systems,” Proc. IEEE 10th Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications, pp. 186-190. June 2009.
[13] Aparna Singh Kushwah, Monika Jain, “Performance Enhancement of MIMO-OFDM System based on Spectrum Sensing Cognitive Radio Networks using Matched Filter Detection”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 6, June 2018.
[14] Aparna Singh Kushwah, Alok Kumar Shukla, “BER Reduction of Distributed Spatial Modulation in Cognitive Relay Network based MIMO-OFDM System”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 6, June 2018.
[15] Kwentus, Z. Jiang, and A. Willson, Jr., “Application of filter sharpening to cascaded integrator-comb decimation filters,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol.45, pp.457-467, February 1997.

Aparna Singh Kushwah, Mahima Mishra, "Filter Optimization MIMO Technique for FBMC Transceiver for 5G Technologies," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.1481-1485, 2019.

Considering the high initial capital cost of a Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) source and its low energy conversion efficiency, it is essential to operate the SPV source at Maximum Power Point (MPP) so that maximum power can be extracted. Techniques to extract maximum power from SPV Arrays (SPVA) where some of the cells are not receiving the full insolation (partial shaded condition) has been presented in this thesis. Effects of reconfiguration of the array and tracking of load have been analyzed for maximum power availability. In this thesis the analysis of fault detection in photovoltaic array with the help of fuzzy logic system is present. The fuzzy logic system depends on three inputs, namely percentage of voltage drop (PVD), percentage of open circuit voltage (POCV), and the percentage of short circuit current (PSCC). To improve the accuracy of the PV fault detection, Fuzzy Logic system is used to increase the overall detection accuracy of the power, voltage ratio algorithm up to 99.12%. fuzzy systems were tested, and it was found that have identical performance.

Photovoltaic (PV) array, MATLAB Simulink, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Fuzzy Logic System

[1] R. Hariharan, M. Chakkarapani, G. Saravana Ilango and C. Nagamani, “A Method to Detect Photovoltaic Array Faults and Partial Shading in PV Systems”, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, IEEE 2016.
[2] H, imanshu Sekhar Sahu and Sisir Kumar Nayak, “A Novel Approach to Extract Maximum Power from Partially Shaded PV Array”, 2015 IEEE Power, Communication and Information Technology Conference (PCITC) Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India.
[3] Alonso-Garcia, M.C., Ruiz, J.M. and Chenlo, F. “Experimental study of mismatch and shading effects in the I-V characteristic of a photovoltaic module”, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, Vol. 90, No. 3, pp. 329- 340, 2006.
[4] Alonso-Garciaa, M.C. and Ruizb, J.M. “Analysis and modelling the reverse characteristic of photovoltaic cells”, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, Vol. 90, No. 7-8, pp. 1105-1120 , 2006.
[5] Alonso-Garciaa, M.C., Ruiz, J.M. and Herrmann, W. “Computer simulation of shading effects in photovoltaic arrays”, Renewable Energy, Vol. 31, No. 12, pp. 1986-1993, 2006.
[6] Altas, I.H. and Sharaf, A.M. “A photovoltaic array simulation model for MATLAB–SIMULINK GUI environment”, in Proceedings of International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP), pp. 341–345, 2007.
[7] Azab, M. “Global maximum power point tracking for partially shaded PV arrays using particle swarm optimization”, International Journal on Renewable Energy Technology, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 211-235, 2009.
[8] Benavides, N.D. and Chapman, P.L. “Modeling the effect of voltage ripple on the power output of photovoltaic modules”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 55, No. 7, pp. 2638–2643, 2008.
[9] Benson. E., Phelpsell, R. and Sherif, M. “Evaluation and Testing of the solar cell Measurement System Onboard the Naval Postgraduate school Satellite NPSAT1”, 22nd AIAA International Communication Satellite Systems Conference and Exhibit, pp. 1-8, 2004.
[10] Bishop, J.W. “Computer Simulation of the effect of electrical mismatches in photovoltaic interconnection circuits”, Solar Cells, Vol. 25, No.1, pp. 73-89, 1998.
[11] Bruendlinger, R., Bletterie, B., Milde, M. and Oldenkamp, H. “Maximum power point tracking performance under partially shaded PV array conditions”, in Proceedings of 21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference (EUPVSEC), Dresden, Germany, pp. 2157-2160, 2006. 185.
[12] Carrero, C., Amador, J. and Arnaltes, S. “A single procedure for helping PV designers to select silicon PV module and evaluate the loss resistances”, Renewable Energy, Vol. 32, No. 15, pp. 2579-2589, 2007.

Chakresh Kumar Karole, K. T. Chaturvedi, "Faults Detecting Defective in Photovoltaic Array under Partially Shaded Condition using Fuzzy Logic System," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.1486-1490, 2019.

A novel single stage high step up full bridge AC-DC converter, based on the concept of switched capacitor topology existing in high step up DC-DC converter, is proposed in this work. In switched capacitor technique, capacitors on secondary side are charged in parallel during the switch-off period, by the energy stored in the coupled inductor, and are discharged in series during the switch-on period to achieve a high step-up voltage gain. The switched capacitor technique meant for high voltage gain is discussed in many conventional DC-DC converters. The proposed AC-DC full bridge converter converts the input AC voltage into DC and boost with a high voltage gain in a single stage. For high voltage gain AC-DC converters many techniques are proposed in literature. In this work, switched capacitor technique is used in AC-DC converter is a novel method for attaining high voltage gain. Open loop control of the proposed converter is done by using PWM control. The closed-Ioop control methodology is utilized in the proposed scheme to overcome the voltage-drift problem of power source under the variation of loads. The operating principle, steady state analysis and design of proposed single stage high step up AC-DC converter is carried out. Simulation results, using MATLAB, are carried out for proposed AC-DC converter.

Full-bridge converters, Input current shaping, low-distortion input current, single-stage power factor correctors (PFCs)

[1] K. C. Iseng and T. 1. Liang, "Analysis of integrated boost- fly-back step up converter," Processing Inst. Elect. Eng. Elect. Power Appl., vol. 152, no. 2,pp. 217- 225, Mar. 2005.
[2] R. J. Wai and R. Y. Ouan, "High step-up converter with coupled inductor," IEEE Trans. Power Electron. vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 25- 1035, Sep. 2005.
[3] R. J. Wai, C. Y. Lin, C. Y. Lin, R. Y. Ouan, and Y. R. Chang, "High efficiency power conversion system for kilowatt-level stand-alone generation unit with low input voltage," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. vol. 55, no. 10, pp. 3702- 3714, Oct. 2008.
[4] L. S. Yang, T. J. Liang, and J. F. Chen, `Transformer-Iess dc- dc converter with high voltage gain, "IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. vol. 56, no. 8,pp. 3144- 3152, Aug. 2009.
[5] F. L. Luo, "Six self-lift dc- dc converters, voltage lift technique," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 1268- 1272, Oec. 2001.
[6] F. L. Luo and H. Ye, "Positive output super-lift converters, "IEEE Trans. Power Electron. vol. 18, no. I , pp. 5- 113, Jan. 2003.
[7] T. F. Wu, Y. S. Lai, 1. C. Hung, and Y. M. Chen, "Boost converter with coupled inductors and buck- boost type of active clamp, "IEEE Irans. Ind. Electron. vol. 55, no. I , pp. 154-162, Jan. 2008.
[8] R. 1. Wai and R. Y. Ouan, "High step-up converter with coupled inductor," IEEE Trans. Power Electron. vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 1025- 1035, Sep. 2005.
[9] T. F. Wu, Y. S. Lai, J. C. Hung, and Y. M. Chen, "Boost converter with coupled inductors and buck- boost type of active clamp," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. vol. 55, no. I, pp. 154-162, Jan. 2008.
[10] D. C. Lee and D. S. Lim, “AC voltage and current sensor less control of three-phase PWM rectifiers,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 883–890, Oct. 2002.
[11] T. Jin et al., “A universal vector controller for three-phase PFC, APF, STATCOM, and grid-connected inverter,” in Nineteenth Annual, Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition(APEC), IEEE, vol. 1. IEEE, 2004, pp. 594–600.
[12] Revathi V I, Muhammedali Shafeeque K" Closed Loop Operation of High Boost OC-OC Converter Operating in CCM Mode" in Proc. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (USEAS) - vol. l , no.4, June 2015.
[13] , "A novel primary-side regulation scheme for single-stage high-power-factor AC–DC LED driving circuit", IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 60, no. 11, pp. 4979-4986, Nov. 2013.

Puneet Kumar Shah, K. T. Chaturvedi, "High Step Up Three Phase AC-DC Converter with PWM and Switched Capacitor Technique," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.1491-1495, 2019.

The proposed system presents power-control strategies of a grid-connected hybrid generation system with versatile power transfer. This hybrid system allows maximum utilization of freely available renewable energy sources like wind and photovoltaic energies. For this, an adaptive MPPT algorithm along with standard perturbs and observes method will be used for the system. Also, this configuration allows the two sources to supply the load separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy sources. The turbine rotor speed is the main determinant of mechanical output from wind energy and Solar cell operating voltage in the case of output power from solar energy. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator is coupled with wind turbine for attaining wind energy conversion system.

Fuel cell, Photovoltaic, Wind energy conversion, Wind Turbines, Z- source converter

[1] Shailendra Kumar Tiwari, Bhim Singh and Puneet Kr. Goel, “Design and Control of Autonomous Wind–Solar System With DFIG Feeding 3-Phase 4-Wire Loads”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 54, Issue 2, PP. No. 1119 – 1127, IEEE 2018.
[2] Miloud Rezkallah, Abdelhamid Hamadi, Ambrish Chandra and Bhim Singh, “Design and Implementation of Active Power Control With Improved P&O Method for Wind-PV-Battery-Based Standalone Generation System”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 65, Issue 7, PP. No. 5590-5600, IEEE 2018.
[3] José Antonio Aguado, Antonio José Sánchez Racero and Sebastián de la Torre, “Optimal Operation of Electric Railways With Renewable Energy and Electric Storage Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Volume 9, Issue 2, PP. No. 993-1001, March 2018.
[4] Mostafa Farrokhabadi; Bharatkumar V. Solanki; Claudio A. Canizares and Kankar Bhattacha, “Energy Storage in Microgrids: Compensating for Generation and Demand Fluctuations While Providing Ancillary Services”, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, Vol. 15, Issue 5, PP. No. 569-578, Sept.-Oct. 2017.
[5] Aquib Jahangir and Sukumar Mishra, “Autonomous Battery Storage Energy System Control of PV-Wind Based DC Microgrid”, 2nd International Conference on Power, Energy and Environment: Towards Smart Technology (ICEPE), IEEE 2018.
[6] Zhengnan Cao, Fergal O’Rourke, William Lyons, “Performance modelling of a small-scale wind and solar energy hybrid system”, Signals and Systems Conference (ISSC), 28th Irish, IEEE 2017.
[7] M. Y. Zargar, M. U. D. Mufti, S. A. Lone, "Modelling and control of wind solar hybrid system using energy storage system", International Conference on Computing Communication and Automation (ICCCA), pp. 965-970, 2016.
[8] A. Anurag, S. Bal, S. Sourav, M. Nanda, "A comprehensible review of maximum power point tracking techniques for photovoltaic systems", International Journal of sustainable energy, vol. 35, pp. 478-501, 2016.
[9] J. Plaza Castillo, C. Daza Mafiolis, E. Coral Escobar, A. Garcia Barrientos, R. Villafuerte Segura, "Design Construction and Implementation of a Low Cost Solar-Wind Hybrid Energy System", IEEE Latin America Transactions, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 3304-3309, Oct. 2015.
[10] A. V. P. Kumar, A. M. Parimi, K. U. Rao, "Implementation of MPPT control using fuzzy logic in solar-wind hybrid power system", IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing Informatics Communication and Energy Systems (SPICES), pp. 1-S, 2015.
[11] T. H. Rini, M. A. Razzak, "Voltage and power regulation in a solar-wind hybrid energy system", IEEE International WIE Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WIECON-ECE), pp. 231-234, 2015.

Grusha Vinod Dongre, Romi Jain, "Simulation Model of Hybrid Wind-Solar Energy System using MPPT Algorithm using a Converter Topology," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.1496-1499, 2019.

Use of multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver ends called as MIMO has become a very popular technique for improvement of data rates required by the current and future wireless networks. OFDM combined with MIMO is very attractive air interface in mobile and wireless communication scenario. Less complex and reliable channel estimation and detection techniques are required to take advantages offered by MIMO. In this thesis, channel estimation and detection techniques for MIMO and MIMO-OFDM system are studied. In MIMO-OFDM system, the received OFDM symbols can be processed in time domain or frequency domain. The numbers of channel estimation methods for OFDM and MIMO-OFDM system are studied. This research work has implemented a combined time and frequency domain approach to channel estimation for MIMO-OFDM.

MIMO-OFDM System, Channel Estimation Technique, Bit Error Rate, Mean Square Error

[1] Akhilesh Venkatasubramanian, Krithika. V and Partibane. B, “Channel Estimation For A Multi-User MIMOOFDM- IDMA System”, International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing, April 6-8, 2017, India.
[2] R. Prasad, C. R. Murthy, B. D. Rao, "Joint channel estimation and data detection in MIMO-OFDM systems: A sparse Bayesian learning approach", IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 63, no. 20, pp. 5369-5382, Oct. 2015.
[3] R. Prasad, C. R. Murthy, B. D. Rao, "Joint approximately sparse channel estimation and data detection in OFDM systems using sparse Bayesian learning", IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 62, no. 14, pp. 3591-3603, Jul. 2014.
[4] Mel Li, Xiang Wang and Kun Zhang, “Comparative Study of Adaptive Filter Channel Estimation Technique in MIMO-OFDM System Based on STBC”, Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Lanzhou, 13-16 July, 2014.
[5] Biswajit Sahoo, Ravi Ranjan Prasad, and P. Samundiswary, “BER Analysis of Mobile WiMAX System using LDPC Coding and MIMO System under Rayleigh Channel”, International conference on Communication and Signal Processing, April 3-5, 2013, India.
[6] Mukesh Patidar, Rupesh Dubey, Nitinkumar Jain and Saritakul Pariya, “Performance Analysis of WiMAX 802.16e Physical Layer Model”, International Conference on wireless communication, 2012 IEEE.
[7] Chin-Liang Wang and Shun-Sheng Wang and Hsiao-Ling Chang, “A Low-Complexity SLM Based PAPR Reduction Scheme for SFBC MIMO-OFDM Systems”, International Conference on Wireless Communication, 2011 IEEE.
[8] Divyang Rawal, Park Youn Ok and C. Vijaykumar, “A Novel training based QR-RLS channel estimator for MIMO OFDM systems”, Wireless Advanced (WiAD), 6th Conference on, IEEE 2010.
[9] Ke Chen and Xiaojing Huang, “A Novel Approach for Interference Suppression in Multi-Sub band Convolutional Coded OFDM System”, School of Electrical, Computer & Telecommunications University of Wollongong, Australia (2010).
[10] Sen-Hung Wang, and Chih-Peng Li, “A Low-Complexity PAPR Reduction Scheme for SFBC MIMO-OFDM Systems”, IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol. 16, No. 11, November 2009.
[11] Yang Zhou and Tao Jiang, “A Novel Multi-Points Square Mapping Combined With PTS to Reduce PAPR of OFDM Signals Without Side Information”, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol. 55, No. 4, December 2009.
[12] Wei Jiang and Daoben Li, “Convolutional Multi-code Multiplexing for OFDM Systems”, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876, China (2007).
[13] B. Sklar, “Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications,” Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2000.

Krishn Kumar Gupta, K. K. Nayak, "Investigation of QR-RLS based Channel Estimation Techniques for MIMO-OFDM Systems," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.1500-1503, 2019.