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The wireless nature of communication makes mobile ad hoc networks unreliable vulnerable to any attack with intent to steal the data can do so by deploying malicious nodes in the network. Normally the routing protocols are designed to find shortest path length is determined using hop count as metric. Out of many attacks the wormhole attack is pretty dangerous one as it is launched using two pairs of malicious nodes with create a tunnel by skipping few nodes in between source and destination node. The existing scheme considers the wormhole attacks when there are no intermediate nodes present between destinations. This technique is suitable for scenarios where the path length between source and destination is two hops only .this scheme cannot be used for networks with layer hops between source and destination node. In this research work, the novel scheme is proposed which detect and isolation malicious nodes from the MANETs. The malicious nodes are responsible to trigger wormhole attack in MANET. The proposed technique is implemented in NS2 and simulation results shows that proposed technique performs well as compared to other techniques.

Wormhole, Delay per hop, Malicious, MANETs

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[8]. Sayan Majumder, Prof. Dr. Debika Bhattacharyya, “Mitigating Wormhole Attack in MANET Using Absolute Deviation Statistical Approach”, 2018, IEEE
[9]. Roshani Verma, PROF. Roopesh Sharma, Upendra Singh, “New Approach through Detection and Prevention of Wormhole Attack in MANET”, International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology ICECA 2017
[10]. Pratik Gite, “Link Stability Prediction for Mobile Ad-hoc Network Route Stability”, International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control, 2017
[11]. Kavitha T, Muthaiah R, “ INSTANT ROUTE MIGRATION DURING LINK FAILURE IN MANETS”, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 8, Issue 8, August 2017
[12]. Sunil Kumar Jangir, Naveen Hemrajani, “A Comprehensive Review On Detection Of Wormhole Attack In MANET”, 2016, IEEE
[13]. H.Ghayvat, S.Pandya, S.Shah, S.C.Mukhopadhyay, M.H.Yap, K.H.Wandra, “Advanced AODV Approach For Efficient Detection And Mitigation Of WORMHOLE Attack IN MANET”, 2016 Tenth International Conference on Sensing Technology
[14]. Chitra Gupta, Priya Pathak, “Movement Based or Neighbor Based Tehnique For Preventing Wormhole Attack in MANET”, 2016 Symposium on Colossal Data Analysis and Networking (CDAN)

Sukhwinder Singh, Rajnish Kansal, "Novel Technique for Detection of Wormhole Attack in MANET," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.464-468, 2018.

Estimation is a fundamental piece of any developing discipline. Measuring the quality parameters of the software engineering will reveal great fits of knowledge about the design. It will likewise help experts and practioners to select the best hit of elective structures that addresses their issues. This work makes ready for analysts to begin exploring approaches to quantify understand ability. Estimation of quality properties is basic for this sub-field of software designing. This article quantifies the understand ability of software at design stage, a few factors that influence them.

Index Terms Software Quality, Object Oriented Design Characteristics, and understandability

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Brijesh Kumar Bhardwaj, "Assessment of Understandability Index Using Design Metrics," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.469-471, 2018.

Today’s generation has a great need of cleanliness and health plays an important role in their life so that our surroundings must be clean. This can be achieved through this paper and in this paper it mainly deals about the overfilling of garbage bins in our society. The bin status can be observed by the municipal officer in his office and knowing continuous monitoring of the bin status through the web application using IoT. The filling of the bins can be determined by two methods one is by weight and the other is the level. This can reduce the manual monitoring and continuous keen observation on the bin can be prevented .In this paper mainly deals about the sensors like weight and ultrasonic sensors, a node Microcontroller Unit (MCU) and an IoT platform which acts as an interface with the hardware part and the software part in which the application is present. The hardware part can be connected on the Arduino in which all the sensors can be interfaced along with NodeMicroControllerUnit (MCU).

NodeMCU, IoT, Arduino, weight and ultrasonic sensors

[1]. Dr. LakhimiGogoi,”Municipal solid waste disposal: a case study in Guwahati city to mitigate the manmade disaster”, IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 9, Issue 3(Mar. Apr. 2013), PP 55 60 e ISSN:22790837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845.
[2]. Saha, H. N., Auddy, S., Pal, S., Kumar, S., Pandey, S., Singh, R, Saha, S. (2017). Waste management using Internet of Things (IoT). 2017 8th Annual Industrial Automation and Electromechanical EngineeringConference(IEMECON).doi:10.1109/ieme con.2017.8079623
[3]. Kumar, N. S.Vuayalakshmi, B.Prarthana, R. J., & Shankar, A. (2016). “IOT based smart garbage alert system using Arduino UNO”. 2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON). doi: 10.1109 /tencon. 2016. 7848162 .
[4]. Sunil Raj Thota, S. Neelima, K. V. N. Lalitha Pruthvi, K. Mounika, M. Pravallika , Mrs. N. Sowmya, Asst. Proof “Smart Trash Can Monitoring System usingIoT-Creating Solutions for Smart Cities “International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology(IRJET)e-ISSN: 2395-0056p-ISSN: 2395-0072Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018
[5]. Akshatha.Y1,TasbihaAafreen.G,NandiPriyaBai.M.L , Jyothi.M , Anitha.R”. IoT Based Garbage and Street Light Monitoring System” International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, May 2017 Volume 7 Issue No.5

K. Lalith Kishore, P. Jaswanth, S.B.T. Abhyuday, Y. Jayasairam, "Thrash Deplorer System Using IoT Through Web Application," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.472-475, 2018.

Cloud computing is an environment for providing different services on the premise of demand and the need. It can able to build the virtualization, distributed computing to assist the cost-efficient usage method to adequate the resources with the usage of resource scalability, computing resources and on-demand resources. It can manage the user requests and also make available the resources by implementing the new virtual machines. The virtual machine can qualify for assigning the resources premises on the availability of resources. Cloud computing assists to load balancing and avoid the delay in running of the job. Based on the characteristics of the job new virtual machines are implemented. This paper can deal with the assigning of resources to the job based on its requirement and also consider the priorities of the job. Here we distinguish the various types of leases with their corresponding priorities. According to that priority, the execution can be processed. The main aim of this work is to delay the low priority job (consists high deadline of the job) and schedule the high priority job (having a low deadline of the job) and dynamically allocates VM resources to the user job within the deadline.

CloudSim, Virtual machines, SLA

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B. Muni Lavanya, "Providing the Resources by using scheduling algorithm in Cloud Computing," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.476-481, 2018.

Encryption and watermarking are two innovative techniques that are used for protecting the traditional multimedia files. In this research paper, a proposed hybrid encryption-watermarking algorithm for content copyright protection is proposed. The watermarking steps of this proposed algorithm is based on combining the three techniques like Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and the Singular Value Decomposition(SVD), while the encryption phase is based on using different chaotic maps with different dimensions to improve the performance of algorithms efficiency. The proposed watermarking scheme uses a new PN-codes for embedding strategy of the watermark into the cover image. This scheme allows to decreasing the embedding strength factor of the scheme to a value that maximizes imperceptibility performance, while maintaining acceptable robustness and imperceptibility measures of the watermarking scheme. The performance of the proposed watermarking scheme is implemented individually based on the metrics like robustness and the imperceptibility measures. This scheme is compared with some very recent existing algorithms and experimental results show the improvements of the proposed algorithm over other important algorithms. On the other hand, the proposed chaos-based encryption algorithms used different chaotic maps of different dimensions to improve the performance of algorithms efficiency. The proposed encryption algorithm is tested using different set of experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed encryption algorithm research shows advantages of large key space, high resistance against differential attacks and high security analysis such as (i)Statistical analysis, and (ii)Sensitivity analysis. Compared to some traditional and recent encryption algorithms, our proposed encryption algorithm is much more secure. Finally experimental test demonstrate that the proposed hybrid encryption-watermarking algorithm introduces high degree of efficiency, robustness, and security as compared to previously developed techniques/algorithms.

Chaotic maps, Encryption, Digital Watermarking, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)

[1] Dongyan Wang, Fanfan Yang, and Heng Zhang, "Blind Color Image Watermarking Based on DWT and LU Decomposition ," Journal of Information Processing Systems, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 765~778, 2016.
[2] Y.-M. Chu, N.-F.Huang, and S.-H. Lin, “Quality of service provision in cloud-based storage system for multimedia delivery,” IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 292–303, 2014.
[3] I. Hussain, T. Shah, M. A. Gondal, and H. Mahmood, “An efficient approach for the construction of LFT S-boxes using chaotic logistic map,” Nonlinear Dynamics, vol. 71, no. 1-2, pp. 133–140, 2013.
[4] I. Hussain, A. Anees, M. Aslam, R. Ahmed, and N. Siddiqui, “A noise resistant symmetric key cryptosystem based on S-Boxes and chaotic maps,” The European Physical Journal Plus, vol. 133, no. 4, 2018.
[5] I. Hussain, A. Anees, A. H. AlKhaldi, A. Algarni, and M. Aslam, “Construction of chaotic quantum magnets and matrix Lorenz systems S-boxes and their applications,” Chinese Journal of Physics, 2018.
[6] I. Hussain, A. Anees, and A. Algarni, “A novel algorithm for thermal image encryption,” Journal of integrative neuroscience, pp. 1–15, 2018.
[7] A. Anees, A.M. Siddiqui, and F. Ahmed, “Chaotic substitution for highly autocorrelated data in encryption algorithm,” Communications in Nonlinear Science andNumerical Simulation, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 3106–3118, 2014.
[8] T. T. Mapoka, S. J. Shepherd, and R. A. Abd-Alhameed, “A new multiple service key management scheme for secure wireless mobile multicast,” IEEE Transactions onMobile Computing, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 1545–1559, 2015.
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[30] Wenhao Liu, Kehui Sun, Congxu Zhu, “A fast image encryption algorithm based on chaotic map”, Elsevier, 2016
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J. Udayakumar, G. Prabakaran, "Hybrid Technique for Improving the Watermarking and Encryption Scheme for Online Multimedia Copyright Protection to using Chaotic Maps Cryptography," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.482-490, 2018.

Light-fidelity (Li-Fi) is a dominant technology for wireless networking working on the principle of visible light communication (VLC). Li-Fi has wide-bandwidth, licence-free characteristics enables communication in radio frequency (RF) sensitive environments, realizes energy-efficient data transmission, and has the potential to boost the capacity of wireless access network through divergence. The new network environment called hybrid Wi-Li-Fi system developed, utilizing unidirectional Li-Fi channel as downlink and Wi-Fi channel as both uplink and downlink. The handover in traditional heterogeneous RF based wireless network has already been analyzing. However integration of Li-Fi network with heterogeneous RF network will create a hybrid Het-Net and the handover method also become highly conjugate. In this paper, we analysed hybrid heterogeneous handover schemes while user equipment (UE) rotate and roam and novel insights are analysed. Experimental results revealed that the hybrid system out performs the conventional Wi-Fi, and Li-Fi environment for the crowded environments in terms of throughput, delay time and handover rate.

VLC, Li-Fi, Het-Net, Handover,Wi-Li-Fi

[1]. Wentao Zhang, LiChen*, XiaohuiChen,ZihaoYu, ZhiyuanLi,Weidong Wang. Design and realization of indoor Li-Fi-wi-fi hybrid network,Journal of Communications and Information Networks,Vol.2,No.4,Dec. 2017,(78).
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P. Sivananaintha perumal, S. Arunmozhi Selvi, John K Joel, R.S. Rajesh, "Behavioural Analysis of Handover Mechanism in Heterogeneous Wi-Li-Fi Environment," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.491-496, 2018.

In general, the data or information hiding mechanism with different perspective is a recent trend in the video data hiding and protection on-going research issues. For the most part of the video data hiding focuses on video content in different phases with modern cryptographic algorithms in order to secure from unauthorized access over the communication channel or network. In our previous research work contemplate its focuses on the data or textual content hiding mechanism over the content sharing among different clients through networks. The objective of the previous research is achieved with the help of data compression mechanism and hiding aspect in new direction regarding to protect the multimedia data content. This research paper describes the progress in the field of video steganography and intends to give the comparison between its different uses and techniques.

Multimedia, Data, Content, Hiding and Compression

[1] Ramandeep Kaur, Pooja, “XOR Encryption Based Video Steganography”, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Vol.4, Issue 11, November 2015.
[2] Pooja Jain and Navdeep Kanwal, “Image Steganography in RGB Color Components using Improved LSB Technique Image Pattern Compression using Weighted Principal Components Algorithm”, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(45), 2016.
[3] J. Jeswani and D. T. Sarode, “A New DCT based Color Video Watermarking using Luminance Component,” IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE), vol.16, no.2, pp. 83–90, 2014.
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[10] S. Kamesh, K. Durga Devi, S. N. V. P. Raviteja, “DWT based data hiding using video steganography”, International journal of engineering sciences & research technology, pp.361-367, 2017.
[11] Disha and K.Saini. "A review on video steganography techniques in spatial domain" IEEE Conference on Recent Developments in Control, Automation & Power Engineering , Noida, India, 2017.
[12] D. B. Suryawanshi and S. S. Belsare “An Efficient Implementation of Video Steganography on FPGA using DWT and LSB Algorithm”, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.450-453, 2016.
[13] Kousik Dasgupta, J.K. Mandal and Paramartha Dutta,” Hash based Least Significant Bit Technique”, International Journal of Security, Privacy and Trust Management ( IJSPTM), Vol. 1, No 2, April 2012
[14] A. Swathi, Dr. S.A.K Jilani,, “Video Steganography by LSB Substitution Using Different Polynomial national Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 5
[15] Mritha Ramalingam: Stego Machine – Video Steganography using Modified LSB Algorithm World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol:50 2011-02-26
[16] Ashawq T. Hashim*, Dr.Yossra H. Ali** & Susan S. Ghazoul*” Developed Method of Information Hiding in Video AVI File Based on Hybrid Encryption and Steganography” Engg.and tech journal, vol 29,No.2,2011.

P.Saravanan, K. K. Thyagarajan, "Comparative Study on different Video HidingTechniques," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.497-502, 2018.

Bug localization is an important task of classification in software programming data set resources. Software programming data is used to find out the related programming codes, similar errors and files. Bug localization ranks the list of possible relevant entities. The bug localization task determines which source code entity is relevant to a particular bug report. In addition, the proposed paper also designs lexical pattern extraction clustering algorithm to classify the bugs in the given bugs report. It measures the semantic similarity between words which is an important component in various tasks on the web, such as relation extraction, community mining, and automatic extraction of metadata. To find out the various semantic relations existing between two given bug sentences, this paper proposes a new pattern extraction algorithm and a pattern clustering algorithm. The proposed method outperforms previously proposed web-based semantic similarity measures on the given data sets. It shows a high correlation with human ratings. Moreover, the above proposed method significantly progresses the accuracy in community mining task.

Bug Localization, Lexical Pattern Extraction, Lexical Pattern Clustering, Information Retrieval

[1] Mozilla Foundation, Bugzilla.2012.
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[4] S. Rao and A. Kak, “Retrieval from Software Libraries for Bug Localization: A Comparative Study of Generic and Composite Text Models,” Proc. Eighth Working Conf. Mining Software Repositories, pp. 43-52, 2011.
[5] A.T. Nguyen, T.T. Nguyen, J. Al-Kofahi, H.V. Nguyen, and T.N. Nguyen, “A Topic-Based Approach for Narrowing the Search Space of Buggy Files from a Bug Report,” Proc. 26th Int’l Conf. Automated Software Eng., pp. 263-272, 2011.
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[8] D.Poshyvanyk, Y. Gueheneuc, A. Marcus, G.Antoniol, and V. Rajlich, “Feature Location Using Probabilistic Ranking of Methods Based on Execution Scenarios and Information Retrieval,” IEEE Trans. Software Eng., vol. 33, no. 6 pp. 420-432, June 2007.
[9] D.Poshyvanyk and A. Marcus, “Combining Formal Concept Analysis with Information Retrieval for Concept Location in Source Code,” Proc. 15th Int’l Conf. Program Comprehension, pp. 37-48, 2007.
[10] B.Cleary, C.Exton, J.Buckley, and M.English, “An Empirical Analysis of Information Retrieval Based Concept Location Techniques in Software Comprehension,” Empirical Software Eng., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 93-130, 2008.
[11] M. Revelle, B. Dit, and D. Poshyvanyk, Using Data Fusion and Web Mining to Support Feature Location in Software, Proc. 18th Int’l Conf. Program Comprehension, pp. 14-23, 2010.
[12] A.K. McCallum, “Mallet: A Machine Learning for Language Toolkit,” http://mallet.cs.umass.edu, 2002.
[13] Z. Harris, “Distributional Structure,” Word, vol. 10, pp. 146-162, 1954.
[14] J.Ren,M.Harman,M.Di Penta,“ Cooperative Co-evolutionary optimization of software project staff assignments “ in Proc.Int.Symp.Search –Based Sotw. Eng., 2011 , pp. 127-141
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N. Kamaraj, A.V. Ramani, "Bug Localization Approach on Lexical Pattern Extraction with Lexical Pattern Clustering," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.503-509, 2018.

Image preprocessing is the important phase in digital image processing domain to analyze the undesirable signal present in an image and removal of the same. For any further processing of an image, noise removal is mandatory to get the desired resultant. Before applying any noise removal algorithm to an image, it is obligatory to understand what kind of noise that exactly presents in an image. In this paper, we have handled the impulse noise presence in mammogram image and various spatial based median filters are applied to it. Initially, to confirm the impulse noise presence, the sub-window of an image is subjected to undergo the detection process, where the impulse noise pixels are identified. Secondly, for the detected noise window the traditional median filter is applied. This process does not affect the image quality and produces the noise-free enhanced image. Finally, we have experimented and compared the five different median based denoising algorithms, each one has different detection framework and found the best denoising algorithm for impulse noise removal with the help of qualitative and quantitative metrics.

Preprocessing, Impulse Noise, Denoising, Mammogram Image

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A.Ramya, D.Murugan, G. Muthulakshmi, "Implementation and Comparison of the Spatial Denoising Filter for Impulse Noise on MIAS Dataset," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.510-514, 2018.

In the Federated cloud, the load balancing is a main challenge. It distributes uniformly dynamic load among multiple nodes in the distributed system environment. This makes any node not to be overloaded while the other nodes are idle or least load. The proper load balancing techniques improve the performance of cloud and utilize resource efficiently. The present study proposed Extended Performance Optimized Routing Policy service broker algorithm and compares it with the existing service broker algorithms in terms of response time and DC Processing time. The extended Performance Optimized Routing Policy service broker algorithm could be utilized in e-Governance framework that might help to develop the optimal and improved resource utilization. This possesses the scope to accelerate the e-Governance services and distribute the load at the peak hours.

Cloud computing, e-Governance, Cloud Federation, Service Broker Algorithm, Load balancing

[1] Mandeep Kaur, Verender Singh Madra, “ Performance Evaluation of Virtual Machines using Service Broker Policies in Cloud Computing”, In International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) – Volume 4 Issue 7, July 2015
[2] National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing, http://csrc.nist.gov/ publications/ drafts/ 800-145/Draft-SP-800-145_cloud- definition.pdf.
[3] Hetal V. Patel, Ritesh Patel, “ Cloud Analyst: An Insight of Service Broker Policy” In International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 4 Issue 1, January 2015.
[4] Charalampos Tsaravas, Marinos Themistocleous “ Cloud Computing and EGovernment: A Literature Review”, European Mediterranean & Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems 2011.
[5] Bhathiya Wickremasinghe and rajkumar Buyya, “ CloudAnalyst: A CloudSim-based tool for Modelling and Analysis of Large scale cloud computing environments,” Distributed computing project, CSE Department, University of Melbourne.
[6] Kunal Kishor, Vivek Thapar, “ An Efficient Service Broker policy for Cloud Computing Environment” In International Journal of Computer Science Trends and Technology (IJCST) – Volume 2 Issue 4, July-Aug 2014.
[7] Vaishali Sharma, “ Efficient Data Center Selection Policy for Service Proximity Service Broker in Cloud Analyst” In International Journal of Innovative Computer Science & Engineering (IJICSE) – Volume 1 Issue 2, 2014.
[8] Dhaval Limbani, Bhavesh Oza, “ A Proposed Service Broker Policy for Data Center Selection in Cloud Environment with Implementation” In Int. J. Computer Technology & Applications Vol 3(3) MAY-JUNE 2012.
[9] Soumya Ray, Ajanta De Sarkar, “ Execution Analysis of Load Balancing Algorithms In Cloud Computing Environment “, In International Journal on Cloud Computing: Services and Architecture ( IJCCSA), Vol.2, No. 5, October 2012.
[10] Ashutosh Gupta, Praveen Dhyani, O.P. Rishi, Vishwambhar Pathak, “ Service Request Approach for e-Governance using Federation of Cloud” In International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Vol 6, Issue 5 May 2018.
[11] Nguyen Xuan Phi, Cao Trung Tin, Luu Nguyen Ky Thu, Tran Cong Hung, “ Proposed Load balancing Algorithm to reduce response time and processing time on Cloud Computing” In International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) Vol 10, No. 3, May 2018.
[12] Ankita Sharma, Isha Awasthi, “ Noval technique of load balancing in cloud computing” In International Journal of Computer Applications (0975-8887) Vol 182, No.4, July 2018.

Ashutosh Gupta, Praveen Dhyani, O.P. Rishi, Vishwambhar Pathak, "A Novel Service Broker Policy for e-Governance using Federation of cloud," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.515-521, 2018.