Today, the use of web technologies in education allows envisaging new learning forms, giving a preponderant place to the social dimension. However, with the emergence of these new orientations, are also developed difficulties in implementing pedagogical contents adapted to this new type of learning (collaborative, cooperative, etc.). This work is at the heart of this issue. It seeks to find conceptual and computer solutions, both at the pedagogical and technical levels, for computer modeling of pedagogical knowledge, which should be in adequacy with current learning practices. It gives itself as main objective to develop a reference model for production of distance learning contents adapted to the socioconstructivist learning context. Thus, this work proposes to develop a Socioconstructivist Model of Collaborative Learning Design (SMC-LD) of distance learning contents. In this model, the process of content development is based on socioconstructivist approach and focuses on two main aspects of production of learning content: "design" and "development". At the level "design", SMC-LD suggests a collaborative design process based on the concept of life cycle. At the level "development", SMC-LD proposes a process for educational modeling, upstream of SCORM and IMS-LD standards, describing pedagogical content using scenarios and activities. The modeling process is facilitated by an author tool to produce interoperable and reusable learning objects. To implement the proposed approach, XML and Java technologies were used.

Socioconstructivism; learning design; collaborative design; development; learning object; distance learning; norm and standard

[1] D.A. Wiley, �Connecting learning objects to Instructional design theory: a definition, a methaphor, and taxonomy�. In Wiley (Ed), The Instructional Use of Learning Objects. Agency for Instructional Technology and Association for Educational Communications of Technology, Bloomington, Indiana, 2002.
[2] A. El Mhouti, A. Nasseh and M. Erradi, �An Evaluation Model of Digital Educational Resources�, International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, Volume-8, No-2, Page 29�35, May 2013
[3] A. El Mhouti, A. Nasseh and M. Erradi, �Development of a Tool for Quality Assessment of Digital Learning Resources�, International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol-64, No-14, Page 27�31, Feb 2013.
[4] F. Trillaud, "Architecture pour le contr�le des interactions et le pilotage d�une application interactive multi-utilisateurs � ex�cution adaptative : application � un environnement de FOAD", Doctoral dissertation, University of La Rochelle, France, 2013.
[5] L. Cormier, "Le soutien au d�veloppement de ressources num�riques pour l�enseignement et l�apprentissage dans les universit�s qu�b�coises", 80�me Congr�s de l�ACFAS, 2012.
[6] A. Battou, "Approche granulaire des objets p�dagogiques en vue de l�adaptabilit� dans le cadre des Environnements Informatiques pour l`Apprentissage Humain", Doctoral dissertation, Ibn Zohr University, Morocco, 2012.
[7] N. Zniber and C. Cauvet, "Mod�le orient� service pour la conception de parcours p�dagogiques personnalis�s", Doctoral dissertation, Aix-Marseille University, France, 2009.
[8] L. Oubahssi, "Conception de plates-formes logicielles pour la formation � distance, pr�sentant des propri�t�s d`adaptabilit� � diff�rentes cat�gories d`usagers et d`interop�rabilit� avec d`autres environnements logiciels", Doctoral dissertation, Ren� Descartes University, France, 2005.
[9] M. E. Bouabid, "De la conception � l�exploitation des travaux pratiques en ligne : Application d�une approche g�n�rique � l�enseignement de l�informatique", Doctoral dissertation, Paul Sabatier University, 2012.
[10] R. Boughacha and H. Aliane, "Syst�me de productions de contenus p�dagogiques multilingues", International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology (ICA2IT `14), Ouargla, Algeria, 2014.
[11] L. S. Vygotski, "Pens�e et langage", Traduction de Fran�oise S�ve, Ed Sociales, 1985.
[12] P. Jonnaert, "Comp�tences et socioconstructivisme : de nouvelles r�f�rences pour les programmes d��tudes", Conf�rence annuelle des Inspecteurs de l�Enseignement Secondaire, Burkina Faso, 2001.
[13] N. Chebaane, M. Khemaja, R. Braham and J. Vauthier, "Informatisation de la p�dagogie dans l�enseignement � distance", Symposium International en Enseignement � Distance (EAD), Tunisia, 2006.
[14] A. El Mhouti, A. Nasseh and M. Erradi, �A Socio-constructivist Model of Development of Learning Content in an e-learning Platform Oriented to Management of Academic Knowledge�, E-Learn World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, Las Vegas, United States, Page No 74-80, Oct 21, 2013.
[15] SCTIC (Sous-comit� sur les technologies de l�information et de la communication), "Les normes et standards de la formation en ligne, �tats des lieux et enjeux ", 2002.
Retrieved from:
http://www.crepuq.qc.ca/IMG/pdf/norm-0210-d-rapport.pdf
[16] ADLNet, �Advanced Distributed Learning, Documentation Suite (SCORM 2004 4th Edition.)�, 2014. Retrieved from: http://www.adlnet.gov/scorm/scorm-2004-4th/
[17] R. Koper, �Educational modeling language: adding instructional design to exiting specifications�, Technical report, Educational Expertise Technology Center, Open University of Netherlands, 2002.
[18] R. Koper, �Modeling units of study from a pedagogical perspective. The pedagogical meta-model behind EML�. Open University of the Netherlands, 2002.
[19] P. Laforcade, �Towards a UML-based Educational Modeling Language�, in the Proceeding of Fifth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT`05), ISBN 0-7695-2338-2 Kaohsiung, Taiwan, July 05-08, 2005.
[20] IMS, �IMS Learning Design Best Practice and Implementation�, Technical report, 2003.
[21] N. Bousbia and A. Balla, "Processus de mod�lisation de contenus p�dagogiques destin�s � la FOAD", Revue �lectronique des technologies de l`information (e-TI), No 3, 2007.
[22] O. Catteau and P. Vidal, "Le Cycle de Vie de l�Objet P�dagogique et de ses M�tadonn�es", Doctoral dissertation, Paul Sabatier University, France, 2008.
[23] X. Ochoa, J. Klerkx, B. Vandeputte and E. Duval, �On the Use of Learning Object Metadata: The GLOBE (Global Learning Objects Brokered Exchange) Experience�, Lirias KU Leuven, 2011.
[24] S. Kannan and T. Pushparaj, �A Study on Variations of Bottlenecks in Software Testing�, International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Volume-2, Issue-5, Page No 8-14, May 2014.