VANETs (Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks), are similar to MANETs (Mobile Ad Hoc Networks) in which the nodes are vehicles. The vehicles exchange messages among themselves and these messages could be regarding the traffic status on road or the condition of the vehicle. The messages could get tampered by an adversary who wishes to gain the information regarding the vehicle. He could also track the vehicle which would violate the driver’s privacy. Hence these messages have to be secured. The adversary could modify the messages which could vary the exact information sent by the vehicle; also he could impersonate as an authorized user and tamper the information. The aim is to protect the vehicle against the two attacks; modification attack and impersonation attack. The energy consumed by the source node to send it towards the destination is calculated.

VANET, modification, impersonation, energy

T. W. Chim, S. M. Yiu, L. C. K. Hui, and V. O. K. Li, “SPECS: Secure and privacy enhancing communications schemes for VANETs,” Ad Hoc Netw., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 189–203, 2011.
[2] S. Zeadally, R. Hunt, Y.-S. Chen, A. Irwin, and A. Hassan, “Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs): Status, results, and challenges,” Telecommun. Syst., vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 217–241, 2012.
[3] M. Ghosh, A. Varghese, A. Gupta, A. A. Kherani, and S. N. Muthaiah, “Detecting misbehaviors in VANET with integrated root-cause analysis,” Ad Hoc Netw., vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 778–790, 2010.
[4] Y. Toor, P. Muhlethaler, and A. Laouiti, “Vehicle ad hoc networks: Applications and related technical issues,” IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 74–87, Sep. 2008.
[5] A. Boukerche, H. A. B. FOliveira, E. F. Nakamura, and A. A. F. Loureiro, “Vehicular ad hoc networks: A new challenge for localization-based systems,” Comput. Commun., vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 2838–2849, 2008.
[6] IEEE Trial-Use Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment—Security Services for Applications and Management Messages, IEEE Standard 1609.2-2006, Jul. 2006.
[7] M. Raya, P. Papadimitratos, and J.-P. Hubaux, “Securing vehicular communications,” IEEE Wireless Commun., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 8–15, Oct. 2006.
[8] J. T. Isaac, S. Zeadally, and J. S. Camara, “Security attacks and solutions for vehicular ad hoc networks,” IET Commun. J., vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 894–903, 2010.
[9] J. P. Hubaux, S. Capkun, and J. Luo, “The security and privacy of smart vehicles,” IEEE Security Privacy, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 49–55, May/Jun. 2004.
[10] C. Gamage, B. Gras, B. Crispo, and A. S. Tanenbaum, “An identitybased ring signature scheme with enhanced privacy,” in Proc. Securecomm Workshops, 2006, pp. 1–5.
[11] M. Raya and J.-P. Hubaux, “Securing vehicular ad hoc networks,” J. Comput. Secur., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 39–68, 2007.
[12] R. Lu, X. Lin, H. Zhu, P.-H. Ho, and X. Shen, “ECPP: Efficient conditional privacy preservation protocol for secure vehicular communications,” in Proc. 27th Conf. IEEE INFOCOM, Apr. 2008, pp. 1903– 1911.