This paper offers a complete idea and information about carrier sense multiple access with collision‐avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol. Firstly, what is the carrier sense multiple access protocol? and what is his job? Secondly, what is the collision‐avoidance technique? and What is the effect of adding this technique to such protocol? Thirdly, knowing how to model an exact analysis to describe the protocol with it is techniques and the performance of the multiple random access method with p‐persistent carrier sense multiple access and with collision‐avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol for high‐speed and realizing fully‐distributed (D2D) device to device communication based on IEEE 802.15.4. The collision‐avoidance portion of CSMA/CA in this model is performed with a random pulse transmission procedure, in which a user with a packet ready to transmit initially sends some pulse signals with random intervals within a collision‐avoidance period before transmitting the packet to verify a clear channel. The system model consists of a finite number of users to efficiently share a common channel. The time axis is slotted, and a time frame has a large number of slots and includes two parts: the collision‐avoidance period and the packet‐transmission period. A discrete‐time Markov process is used to model the system operation. Also, it will be described by it is transmission state.

CSMA/CA, P-Persistent, D2D (device to device), IEEE 802.15.4

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