Volume-07 , Special Issue-18 , May - 2019 Go Back

PPG signal may be considered as an important diagnostic platform for measurement of different physiological indices for cardiovascular disease. PPG detects volumetric changes in arterial vessels that cause a change in the light absorption, reflection and therefore the light intensity detected by the photo detector. Our proposed research topic primarily deals with performing data acquisition of raw PPG signal from a Spo2 sensor based blood pressure measuring system. The PPG signal thus acquired will be processed for different noise removal using suitable filtering and smoothening methods. Thereafter analysis of the PPG signal could be done with the help of signal processing method for feature extraction like Spo2 value, Pulse rate, Heart Rate Variability, Blood flow rate, Arterial stiffness, Augmentation index etc. all of which contribute to arterial pressure can be calculated from the PPG waveform itself. All these physiological parameters extracted from PPG signal would result in an overall analysis of patient’s cardiovascular condition. Each of the parameter calculated from the real time PPG signal would be then clinically standardized and finalized for remote transmission wirelessly resulting in immediate diagnosis in case of emergency. The measured HR and BP can be displayed on a LCD watch or ring-like proposed instrument and using GPS, MCU and ITTT website, an auto message can be sent to his/her family member during any emergency stating the condition BP, HR and location of the person.

PPG signal, arterial vessels,Spo2 sensor, NODE MCU (ESP8266) noise removal, pulse rate, heart rate variability, blood flow rate, arterial stiffness, augmentation index, arterial pressure

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Anindita Banerjee, Dipan Bandyopadhyay, Santasri Giri Tunga, "Proposal of a new PPG-based watch-like device for Heart rate and BP measurement with GPS facility", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.07, Issue.18, pp.205-209, 2019.

This article proposes a Cost minimizing based multi-way automatic changeover. Use of automatic multi-way change over will reduce the waste of money and also reduce the use of non-renewable energy. This process can be able to find out the most profitable source at any instant of time and able to derive the load from that source. The proper uses of relay and micro controller system reduce the time of switching. The proper relay logic ensures the proper isolation between sources. Any error signal generated by the controller cannot affect on the isolation of the sources. An LED monitoring system makes the system user friendly. The proposed changeover can able to handle more than 2 sources. It can work considering under voltage protection and try to supply power uninterruptedly to the load. The changeover always tries as much as it can use the available renewable energy source to drive the load. The proposed system will never disconnect the load to the source at any condition.

Distributed Generator (DG), Series relay logic, isolation between different sources

[1] Nwafor Chukwubuikem M. ,Mbonu Ekene S. ,Uzedhe Godwin “A COST EFFECTIVE APPROACH TO IMPLEMENTING CHANGE OVER SYSTEM ”, Academic Research International, Vol.2, No.4, pp.62-72, 2012.
[2] Obasi,Chijioke Chukwuemeka,Olufemi Babajide Odeyinde,John Junior Agidani,Victor Onyedikachi Ibiam,Ubadike,Chiedu Osichinaka “Design and Implementation of Microcontroller Based Programmable Power Changeover”, Computer Engineering and Intelligent System, Vol.6,No.12, pp.51-56, 2015.
[3] M.S. Ahmed, A.S. Mohammed, O.B. Agusiobo “Development of a Single Phase Automatic Change-Over Switch”, AU J.T, 10(1), pp. 68-74 , Jul. 2006.

Anirban Giri, Debabrata Hazra, "Cost Minimization Based Multi Way Automatic Changeover", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.07, Issue.18, pp.210-212, 2019.

Human eye response is characterised by photopic spectral luminous efficiency function [V(λ)] and scotopic luminous efficiency function [V′(λ)] for photopic and scotopic vision respectively. In the mesopic zone there are no fixed response characteristics but with the increase of luminance the response shifts from scotopic to photopic region and shifts from photopic to scotopic with the decrease in luminance. Luminance level in various road lighting and area lighting installation lies in the mesopic zone. In this work experimental analysis of different lamp performances in mesopic zone for area lighting installations have been performed in both laboratory and outdoor field applications. It has been found that in both cases, changes in mesopic luminance from photopic luminance occur according to the standard CIE 191:2010. Therefore white light emitting diode (WLED) shows better photometric performance and would deliver better energy efficient performance in the mesopic zone as compared to conventional lamps i.e. high pressure sodium vapour lamp (HPSV).

Mesopic Photometry, Area Lighting, Mesopic Luminance

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[10] Wei Luo, “Outdoor lighting – Mesopic photometry, adaptation conditions and user preferences in pedestrian way lighting” , Aalto University, Doctoral Dissertations 85/2014.
[11] M.S.Rea, J.D.Bullough, J.A.Brons , “Spectral Considerations for outdoor lighting: Designing for perceived scene brightness,” Lighting Reasearch Center, Renssselaer Polytechnique institute, Troy, New York, USA, pub. Lighting Research Technology, 2014, 0, 1-11.
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Swarnendu Das, Sangita Sahana, Biswanath Roy, "Experimental Assessment of WLED Lamp Performance for Area Lighting Application under Mesopic Photometry System", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.07, Issue.18, pp.213-218, 2019.

In this paper, a solar based average model microgrid system has been demonstrated and behaviour of current signals under non identical load conditions have been analyzed. Inverters of various configuarations have been used here to monitor and analysis the performance during rated load, over-load and under- load conditions. First Fourier Transformation (FFT) technique has been applied to assess the nature of inverter output currents. The magnitude of DC components, Total Harmonic Distorsion (THD) and Sub-harmonic components have been evaluated from three phase inverter secondery side currents. Then parameter based comparetive study of microgrid have been carried out at varrying load conditions. Different definite relations have been obtained for a range of no-load to over-load conditions with THD values, magnitude of DC component and sub harmonic frequencies and have been presented.

FFT, Load, Micro grid, DC component, Inverter, PV array, Sub harmonics, Total Harmonics Distortion (THD)

[1] IvánGarcía, William E. McMahon, Myles A. Steiner, John F. Geisz, Aron Habte, Daniel J. Friedman “Optimization of Multifunction Solar Cells Through Indoor Energy Yield Measurements”, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaic, Volume: 5 , Issue: 1 ,Page(s): 438 –445, 2014.
[2] PoojaSharma, Siddhartha P. Duttagupta, Vivek Agarwal “A Novel Approach for Maximum Power Tracking From Curved Thin-Film Solar Photovoltaic Arrays Under Changing Environmental Conditions”,IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Volume: 50, Issue: 6, Page(s): 4142 – 4151, 2014.
[3] DiegoAlonso-Álvarez, EfthymiosKlampaftis, David Ross, Bryce S. Richards.: “External Thermalization of Carriers With Luminescent Down Shifting for Lower Operating Solar Cell Temperature”, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Volume: 4 , Issue: 6 ,Page(s): 1532 – 1537, 2014.
[4] Yihua Hu, Wenping Cao, Jien Ma, Stephen J. Finney, David Li.: “Identifying PV Module Mismatch Faults by a Thermography-Based Temperature Distribution Analysis”, IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability,Volume: 14, Issue: 4, Pages: 951 – 960, 2014.
[5] Katherine A. Kim, Gab-Su Seo, Bo-Hyung Cho, Philip T. Krein.: “Photovoltaic Hot-Spot Detection for Solar Panel Substrings Using AC Parameter Characterization”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Volume: 31, Issue: 2, Page(s): 1121 – 1130, 2015.
[6] Johannes P.eif, Gopal Krishnamani, BénédicteDemaurex, Christophe Ballif, Stefaan De Wolf.: “Amorphous/Crystalline Silicon Interface Passivation: Ambient-Temperature Dependence and Implications for Solar Cell Performance,” IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Volume: 5 , Issue: 3 , Page(s): 718 – 724, 2015.
[7] Hong Tak Kim, Chang Duk Kim, Maeng Jun Kim, Young-SooSohn.: “AC analysis of temperature effects on conversion efficiency of CuInGaSe2 solar cells”, IEEE Electronics Letters, Volume: 51, Issue: 1, Page(s): 86 – 88, 2015.
[8] R. PonVengatesh, S. Edward Rajan.: “Investigation of the effects of homogeneous and heterogeneous solar irradiations on multicrystal PV module under various configurations” : IET Renewable Power Generation , Volume: 9 , Issue: 3 , Page(s): 245 – 254, 2015.
[9] Daisuke Sato, Noboru Yamada, Koji Tanaka.: “Thermal Design of Photovoltaic/Microwave Conversion Hybrid Panel for Space Solar Power System”, : IEEE Journal of Photovoltaic, Volume: 7, Issue: 1, Page(s): 374 – 382, 2016.
[10] Hariharan, M. Chakkarapani, G. SaravanaIlango, C. Nagamani.: “A Method to Detect Photovoltaic Array Faults and Partial Shading in PV Systems”,IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Volume: 6, Issue: 5, Page(s): 1278 – 1285, 2016.
[11] Jagdish Chandra Patra, Chiara Modanese, Maurizio Acciarri.: “Artificial neural network-based modelling of compensated multi-crystalline solar-grade silicon under wide temperature variations”, IET Renewable Power Generation, Volume: 10, Issue: 7, Page(s): 1010 – 1016, 2016.
[12] Xingshu Sun, Timothy Silverman, Rebekah Garris, Chris Deline, Muhammad Ashraful Alam.: “An Illumination- and Temperature-Dependent Analytical Model for Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide (CIGS) Solar Cells”, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Volume: 6, Issue: 5, Page(s): 1298 – 1307, 2016.
[13] Rosalinda H. van Leest, Peter Mulder, Natasha Gruginskie, Simone C. W. van Laar, Gerard J. Bauhuis, HyenseokCheun, Heonmin Lee, Wonki Yoon, Remco van der Heijden, Ed Bongers, Elias Vlieg, John J. Schermer.: “Temperature-Induced Degradation of Thin-Film III–V Solar Cells for Space Applications”, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaic, Volume: 7, Issue: 2, Page(s): 702 – 708, 2017.
[14] Seyed Ali Arefifar, Francisco Paz, Martin Ordonez .: “Improving Solar Power PV Plants Using Multivariate Design Optimization”, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Volume: 5, Issue: 2, Page(s): 638 – 650, 2017.
[15] Yihua Hu, Jiangfeng Zhang, Jiande Wu, Wenping Cao, Gui Yun Tian, James L. Kirtley.: “Efficiency Improvement of Nonuniformly Aged PV Arrays”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Volume: 32, Issue: 2, Page(s): 1124 – 1137, 2017.
[16] Mohammad Aminul Islam, M. Hasanuzzaman, Nasrudin Abd Rahim.: “Effect of Different Factors on the Leakage Current Behavior of Silicon Photovoltaic Modules at High Voltage Stress”, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Volume: 8, Issue: 5, Page(s): 1259 – 1265, 2018.
[17] JaewonOh, Balamurali Rammohan, AshwiniPavgi, SaiTatapudi, GovindasamyTamizhmani .: “Reduction of PV Module Temperature Using Thermally Conductive Back sheets.” IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Volume: 8, Issue: 5, Page(s): 1160 – 1167, 2018.
[18] Stefan Oniga, Gyula Hegyesi : “A simple fast Fourier transformation algorithm to microcontrollers and mini computers”, IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems INES ISBN: 978-1-4799-4615-0, 25 September 2014.
[19] T. K. Das, A. Banik, S. Chattopadhyay, A. Das, “Sub-harmonics based String Fault Assessment in Solar PV Arrays”, Modelling and Simulation in Science, Technology and Engineering Mathematics – Proceedings of International conference on Modeling and Simulation(MS-17), ISBN-9783319748078, computer science, ISSN-21945357, paper ID-132, Kolkata, India, 4th -5th November, 2017.
[20] T. K. Das, S. Chattopadhyay, A. Das, “Load Bus Symmetrical Fault Analysis in Microgrid System”, Lectures on Modelling and Simulation (AMSE), ISSN-1961-5086, pp 151-162, France, November, 2017.
[21] T. K. Das, S. Chattopadhyay, A. Das, “Line to Line Short Circuit Fault Diagonisis in Photo-Voltaic Array based Microgrid System”, Modelling Measurement and Control, Series A. General Physics and Electrical Application (AMSE) , ISSN-1259-5985, pp 341-352, France, November, 2017.

Tapash Kr. Das, Ayan Banik, Surajit Chattopadhyay, Arabinda Das, "Comparative Study and Classification of Solar fed Microgrids based on THD, DC component and Sub-harmonics", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.07, Issue.18, pp.219-225, 2019.

Integration of Photovoltaic (PV) systems plays a significant role to reduce the use of fossil fuel consumption in microgrids. In present scenario, fuel reserves are the great challenges which can be met up with plenty of solar irradiance. In this paper, we present modelling of a grid connected PV system. The MATLAB / Simulink is used to establish a model of photovoltaic array. The Simulink model is tested with different temperature and irradiation and resultant I-V and P-V characteristics proved the validation of Simulink model of PV array. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Technique using P&O algorithm has been used as control strategy to extract maximum power from PV module. The VSC controlled method along with three level bridge inverter is used to convert the DC voltage to AC. The proper choice of RC bank subsequently reduces the harmonic effects to synchronize the output with the grid voltage. Simulation results are presented to observe the performance and dynamic behaviour of the proposed system.

Converter, Grid, Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm, Maximum Power Point Tracking, Photovoltaic

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[4] Hedi Dghim, Ahmed EL-Naggar, Istv`an Erlich, “Harmonic Distortion in Low Voltage Grid with Grid-Connected Photovoltaic”, IEEE 18th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power, 2018, 10.1109/ICHQP.2018.8378851.
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[9] Prof. A.Balamani, A.Paramasivam,“Analysis of Total Harmonic Distortion for Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems”,International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), ISSN: 2321-9653,Vol.3, pp.983-988, May 2015.

B. Kundu, S. Mondal, S. Roy, S. K. Giri, S. Pal, "Modelling and Analysis of Photovoltaic Grid Interfaced System using P&O Algorithm based MPPT", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.07, Issue.18, pp.226-230, 2019.

Contact less Digital RPM meter is a device used to measure speed of a rotating body by counting the number of rotations per second of a rotating shaft using Arduino as the main controller along with the IR sensor with bluetooth connectivity to send the measured value of RPM to some remotely located receiver. It works on the principle of The IR sensor kept in front of a rotating body within a specified range of measurement. The number of counts from the IR sensar signal cut by the rotating body introduce the sense of RPM value which is displayed on the LCD display. The Arduino nano(ATmega 328P) is used as a microcontroller along with IRS sensar (MH-sensar-series, MH-B) and Bluetooth device (HC-05) are the main constituing parts of this measuring system. The designed system is unique from the conventional tachometers as the RPM measurement is not only contactless but it can also be transmitted to some remotely located control room for recording, processing and analysis of the rotating system parameters.

RPM- revolution per minute, IRS- Infrared reflective sensor,LCD- liquid crystal display

[1] Sergio Gonzalez-Duarte, “Characterization and Validation of Telemetric Digital Tachometer based on Hall Effect Sensor”, Conference Proceedings Paper – Sensors and Applications. www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors, Published: 1June 2014.
[2] Salice Peter, “Design of a Contactless tachometer”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 3, Issue 2, February 2014, www.ijareeie.com .
[3] M. Ehikhamenle, “Design and Development of a Smart Digital Tachometer Using At89c52 Microcontroller”, American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2017, pp 1-9. doi:10.12691/ajeee-5-1-1ResearchArticle http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajeee/5/1/1.
[4] Raghuvir S. Toma, “Design of a Low-Cost Contact-Less Digital Tachometer with Added Wireless Feature”, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-3, Issue-7, December 2013, www.atmel.com/images/doc0368.pdf.
[5] Tazwar Muttaqi, “DC Motor Cruise Control by Interfacing IR Sensor Tachometer and SIMULINK, Regardless Motor Specifications and Change of Shaft Load”, 978-1-5386-5398-2/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE

S. Das, R. Nandy, "Designe and Development of Ardrino based Digital RPM Meter", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.07, Issue.18, pp.231-234, 2019.

Among all the power management strategies in smart grid, demand response is quiet popular because of its significance impact on saving in peak demand and reduced energy consumption. Electricity price revealed by utility companyis mainly accountable for the demand response to lead the consumer in electricity scheduling.The mutual benefits for both customer and supply side are ensured with the use of price conferring mechanism through demand response.This paper proposes anapproach to minimize the elastic load through price weight given by the utility company. Three types of consumers are designed as residential, industrial and commercial. The ‘per day electricity use’ for these consumers has been reducedby scheduling elastic loads using Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) technique. The outcome of simulation results show that the recommended algorithm reduces the cost while balancing the peak demand.

Demand Response, Dynamic pricing, Elastic Loads, Load Scheduling, Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)

[1] G. Gaur, N. Mehta, R. Khanna, and S. Kaur, “Demand Side Management in a Smart Grid Environment”, IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid and Smart Cities, India, pp. 227-231, 2017.
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Suparna Dey, Monalisa Dasgupta, Soumesh Chatterjee, Gagari Deb, "Improved Demand Response with Particle Swarm Optimization", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.07, Issue.18, pp.235-239, 2019.

This paper presents the scheme of a remote monitoring system for electric machines based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology for safe and economic data communication in industry. To make the system fast and user friendly, authors have developed dedicated software in JAVA platform by which the authorized person can monitor the condition of all remotely located machines from an industry via a common server. A module of sensors monitor the parameters like voltage, current, speed, temperature etc. and the server records run time data of all machines and observes the performance of every machine. The authorized person can check the database when required on that day from the server. For any unwanted situation, the software module send a SOS message along respective fault information to that authorized person’s mobile whether he/ she will be present or not present in control room.

Arduino UNO, Condition Monitoring, Electric Machines, Machine Parameters, Internet of Things, Sensors

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[3] O. SALIM , E. AKIN, “IOT Application for Fault Diagnosis and Prediction in Elevators”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 6, Issue 4, April 2017, ISSN: 2319-8753
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S.Samanta, S. Bhattacharyya, D. Mukherjee, D. Dey, "IOT Based Condition Monitoring of Electric Machinery", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.07, Issue.18, pp.240-244, 2019.

Environmental awareness and the recent environment protecting policies have extremely spurred many electric utilities to regulate their practices to account for the emission impacts. This paper proposes a new fuzzy multi-objective optimization approach to solve a multi-objective nonlinear programming problem in context of a power system optimization model. We have been developed a multi-objective power system optimization model in fuzzy environment. Here, the objectives are (i) to minimize the fuel cost and (ii) to minimize the emission level simultaneously while satisfying the power balance and generation limit constraints. In this model, the design variables are the generator power output. The model is tackled through interactive fuzzy optimization technique and the approach is tested on a system of 3-generators with transmission losses. The empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Economic and emission dispatch, Multi-objective problem, Fuzzy interactive method

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Samir Dey, Abhinab Ray, Subhadip Goswami, Kousik Roy, "Economic Load Dispatch Model Optimization using Fuzzy Interactive Optimization Technique", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.07, Issue.18, pp.245-250, 2019.

In this paper, a finite dimensional repetitive controller (FDRC) scheme is proposed to improve the performance of the output voltage of single phase two level sinusoidal pulse width modulated (PWM) inverter. A single phase two level SPWM inverter model is designed in simulation which provides the provision of deploying different control methods for comparing their sinusoidal tracking performance. Conventional PID controller and then FDRC have been incorporated in the SPWM inverter model and simulated their tracking performances. Comparison is carried out to show advantage, disadvantage or limitation of applied control schemes over conventional PID controller.

SPWM Inverter, IGBT switch, IMP, Finite Dimensional Repetitive Controller, PID Controller

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S. Islam, A. Choudhary, U. Mondal, "Finite Dimensional Repetitive Controller for Single Phase PWM Inverter", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.07, Issue.18, pp.251-255, 2019.