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In automatic numeral digit recognition system, feature collection is most important aspect for achieving high recognition performance. To attain this, we proposes model for printed numeral digit recognition using number of contours, skeleton features such as number of end points, number of horizental and vertical crossings Number of watersheds, and ratio between the number of foreground pixels in upper half-part and lower half-part of the numerical digit image. Based on these features the present study designed user defined classification algorithm for printed numerical digit recognition. To find the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, these features are given as an input for standard classification algorithms like k–nearest neighbor classifier and other classification algorithms to evaluate the results. The experimental results prove that the proposed features are well suited for printed digit recognition for both user and standard classification algorithms. The novelty of the proposed method is size and shape invariant.

Structural ,Skeleton Features.K-nn,Classification,Watersheds,contours

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R. Vijaya Kumar Reddy, Uppu Ravi Babu, "Printed Numeral Recognition Using Structural and Skeleton Features," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.224-232, 2018.

Problem of estimation of ratio of two population means has been discussed resulting with a ratio and product type estimators. Expressions for the bias and mean squared error have been derived. Developed estimator under study has been compared with usual estimator theoretically as well as empirically.

Two population means, Post-stratification, Bias and MSE

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Rajesh Tailor, Priya Mehta, "Estimation of Ratio of Two Population Means in case of Post-Stratification," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.233-236, 2018.

In recent years the usage of cloud computing were emerged in big aspects. Hence the security of this big systems were in danger due to the intrusion and stealing of personal data. Inspite there are many primitive measures and antivirus tools were used in the cloud but they are not much effective in nature of modern malwares. Inorder to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions the cloud has to react towards not only to the known threats, but also to prevent against the new objection. This paper includes in about an approach in detection of malwares in cloud infrastructure. This approach provides greater efficiency in detection of malwares enhanced forensics capabilities and improved deployability. In this paper we join together detection techniques, Behavioral Blocking and Heuristic Analysis or Pro-Active Defense. Using this mechanism we find that cloud-malware detection provides better detection against recent threats compared to a single antivirus engine and a 98% detection rate across the cloud environment.

Cloud computing,threats,antivirus,security,deployability,resilience,malware

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Aswin Sadanandan, T .Poovarasan, V. Kavitha, N. Reavthy, "Malware Detection In Cloud Computing," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.237-241, 2018.

A mobile ad hoc network is not a wired network it’s a wireless network that uses multiple hops, peer-to-peer routing in its place of motionless network infrastructure to present network connectivity which is used by consumer for communication. Here, we are discussing and designing newest MANET routing protocols along with is comparisons from previous routing protocol as well as discussed improve version of MANET routing protocols e. g. DYMO is the extended version of AODV and Encrypted DYMO(E-DYMO) is improved version of proposed DYMO; earlier than some routing protocols are synchronized by simulations. Network Simulator (Version 2) present a extremely modular platform intended for wired as well as wireless simulations following different - different network essentials, traffic, protocols, along with routing types. In this work, we get the simulation results in terms of various parameters like throughput, PDR, and E2E delay in terms of security of routing protocol. We also describe comparisons between Enhance DYMO, E-DYMO and proposed DYMO in terms of given parameter as well as shows that the enhance the security of various parameters along with proposed DYMO.

MANET, AODV, Proposed DYMO, E-DYMO, Security

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Mukesh Dixit, Sarvottam Dixit, Ajay Kumar Sachan, "Performance Modelling of Secure Routing Protocol in Communication Network," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.242-251, 2018.

Many researchers are showing a keen interest in opportunistic routing and are becoming very popular. This is mainly due to its specific characteristic that it posses for improving the performance and efficiency of the wireless ad-hoc networks. A broadcasting feature of wireless ad-hoc networks is made use in opportunistic routing which increases the network`s overall reliability and throughput. This research paper focuses on an efficient analytical model which is capable of transmitting the data packets both in known and unknown topologies. This is done by making use of single and multiple forwarders. The proposed approach is designed in such a way that it reduces the probability of packet loss in the network. Furthermore this paper concentrates on the security aspects of the network and provides a proper authentication mechanism before the data packets are delivered to the receiver.

Wireless ad-hoc networks, Opportunistic Routing, encryption, decryption, analytical model

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M. Thenmozhi, N. Tamilarasi, "Oppurtunistic Routing Through Delay Analytical Methods in Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.252-258, 2018.

Reversible logic is the promising design methodology for the future quantum circuits. Since there is no loss in information in reversible circuits, it can be used to create the low power design for super computers. Fault Tolerance in reversible logic is required to ensure the design work correctly even in presence of any faults. A majority voter is proposed which achieves the passive hardware redundancy for any reversible circuit, thereby making the circuit Fault Tolerant. Parity preserving feature induced in the majority voter helps to test the voter for any occurrence of faults. A comparative analysis is done for the available reversible benchmark circuits using the proposed Fault Tolerant approach. A fault diagnosis technique to increase the reliability of the majority voter is also proposed.

Fault Tolerance, Quantum, Reversible Logic, Parity Preserving Logic

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[31] Nils Przigoda, Gerhard Dueck, Robert Wille, Rolf Drechsler, “Fault Detection in Parity Preserving Reversible Circuits”, IEEE 46th International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic, 2016.
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[33] Md. Asif Nashiry, Jacqueline E. Rice, “A Reversible Majority Voter Circuit and Applications”, IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing (PACRIM), Aug 2017.
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Poornima M., M. S. Suma, "Fault Tolerant Parity Preserving Reversible Logic," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.259-264, 2018.

Information Retrieval (IR) is an emerging discipline that involves methods, models and patterns to find the documents of an unstructured nature in the dynamic environment. Information Retrieval System (IRS) retrieves the user required information over billions of documents stored in millions of computers. Search Engine is playing a major role in Information Retrieval Systems (IRS) to identify the morphological variants of the language using Stemming. Stemming is an important pre-processing step in query-based systems such as IRS, Web Search Engine, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Big Data Analysis, etc. The purpose of stemming is to diminish different grammatical or word forms to a common base form. In this digital era, most of the web pages are designed using English and European languages. Similarly, the web pages designed with Indian and other Asian languages are also increasing. Search Engines available in Information Retrieval Systems required for dealing with the morphologically different languages in every fraction of a second. The study reveals that the approaches for developing the stemmer involve rule-based, machine learning and hybrid approach. However, each one of them has its own limitations. Therefore, it has been proposed to design the model for Language Independent Stemmer using Dynamic Programming (DP) to retrieve the multi-linguistic web documents with the greater speed and accuracy. However, this research paper presents system implementation and testing of Proposed Language Independent Stemmer (PLIS). The performance of the proposed LIS has been analyzed using a test bed.

Information Retrieval, Stemming, EMILLE, Language Independent Stemmer, Dynamic Programming

[1] Mohd. Shahid Husain, “An Unsupervised Approach to Develop Stemmer”, In: International Journal on Natural Language Computing (IJNLC), Vol.1, Issue.2, pp.15-23, ISSN: 2278-1307, India, 2012.
[2] Sajjad Ahmad Khan, WaqasAnwarl, UsamaIjaz Bajwa1, and Xuan Wang, “A Light Weight Stemmer for Urdu Language: A Scarce Resourced Language”, In: Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on South and Southeast Asian Natural Language Processing (SANLP), pp.69–78, India, 2012.
[3] Dhabal Prasad Sethi, “Design of Lightweight Stemmer for Odia Derivational Suffixes”, In: International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.12, pp. 4594-4597, ISSN (Print): 2319-5940, ISSN (Online): 2278-1021, India, 2013.
[4] Sundar Singh, R K Pateriya, “Enhanced Suffix Stripping Algorithm to Improve Information Retrieval”, In: International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.3, Issue.8, pp.115-119, E-ISSN: 2347-2693, India, 2015.
[5] Karaa WBA. “A New Stemmer to Improve Information”, In: International Journal of Network Security and Its Applications (IJNSA), Vol.5, Issue.4, pp.143–154, ISSN: 0974-9330, India, 2013.
[6] M. Kasthuri, Dr. S. Britto Ramesh Kumar, “A Framework for Language Independent Stemmer Using Dynamic Programming”, In: International Journal of Applied Engineering Research (IJAER), Vol.10, Number.18, pp.39000-39004, Online ISSN: 1087-1090, Print ISSN: 0973-4562, India, 2015.
[7] M. Kasthuri, Dr. S. Britto Ramesh Kumar, “PLIS: Proposed Language Independent Stemmer for Information Retrieval Systems Using Dynamic Programming”, In: 2016 World Congress on Computing and Communication Technologies, IEEE, pp.132-135, ISBN: 978-1-5090-5573-9, India, 2016.
[8] M.Kasthuri, “Proposed Architecture for Language Independent Stemmer”, In: International Open Access Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), Vol.5, Issue.10, pp.943-948, ISSN: 2349-5162, October 2018.
[9] NavanathSaharia, KishoriKonwar, M., Utpal Sharma, and JugalKalita, K., “An Improved Stemming Approach Using HMM for a Highly Inflected Language”, In: Springer-Verlag Berlin, ISBN: 9783642372476, Vol.7816, Issue.1, pp.164-173, Heidelberg, 2013.
[10] Garima Joshi, and Kamal Deep Garg, “Enhanced Version of Punjabi Stemmer Using Synset”, In: International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Vol.4, Issue.5, pp.1060-1065, ISSN: 2277-128X, India, 2014.
[11] Anshu Sharma, Rakesh Kumar and VibhakarMansotra, “Proposed Stemming Algorithm for Hindi Information Retrieval”, In: International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol.4, Issue.6, pp. 11449-11455, ISSN(Online): 2320-9801, ISSN (Print): 2320-9798, June 2016.
[12] Abebe Belay Adege, YibeltalChanieManie, “Designing a Stemmer for Ge’ez Text Using Rule Based Approach”, In: International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.1574-1578, ISSN: 2229-5518, Ethiopia, 2017.
[13] Robert A. N. de Oliveira and Methanias C. Junior “Experimental Analysis of Stemming on Jurisprudential Documents Retrieval”, In: Information, Vol.9, Issue.28, pp.1-34, Brazil, 2018.
[14] AttiaNehar, DjelloulZiadi, and HaddaCherroun, “Rational Kernels for Arabic Stemming and Text Classification”, In: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Vol.1, Issue.1, pp. 176–187, Algerie, 2015.
[15] M. Kasthuri, Dr. S. Britto Ramesh Kumar, “PLIS: Proposed Language Independent Stemmer Performance Evaluation”, In: International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science & Technology (IJARCST), Vol.5, Issue.4, pp.943-948, ISSN: 2347-8446 (Online), ISSN: 2347-9817 (Print), India, 2015.
[16] Gunadeep Chetia, Gopal Chandra Hazarika, “Pre-processing Phase of Automatic Text Summarization for the Assamese Language”, In: International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.10, pp.159-163, E-ISSN: 2347-2693, India, 2018.
[17] Dharmendra Sharma, Suresh Jain, “Evaluation of Stemming and Stop Word Techniques on Text Classification Problem”, In: International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.3, Issue.2, pp.1-4, ISSN: 2320-7639, India, 2015.
[18] John Bosco.P, S.K.V.Jayakumar, “A Study on Web Based Image Search by Re-Ranking Techniques”, In: International Journal of Scientific Research in Network Security and Communication, Vol.5, Issue.3, pp.19-26, ISSN: 2321-3256, India, 2017.

M. Kasthuri, "System Implementation and Testing of Proposed Language Independent Stemmer," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.265-273, 2018.

Wireless Visual Sensor Networks (WVSN) is the enhanced version of WSN that captures and processes visual data from the environment. Owing to the numerous advantages, the WVSN is widely applicable in several real-time applications. The main considerations of WVSN are energy efficiency and quality. This work intends to propose an energy efficient compressive sensing based multi-focus image fusion scheme for WVSN. The image fusion is carried out by contourlet and curvelet, as these have multi-scale and multi-directional properties. The image fusion rule is framed by considering the energy of the pixels. Finally, the image reconstruction is carried out by CoSaMP (Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit) algorithm. The performance of the proposed approach is tested in terms of image quality, energy and time consumption and the results are compared with the existing approaches. The proposed image fusion scheme outperforms the existing approaches, while proving better quality.

WVSN, multi-focus image fusion, energy efficiency

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T. C. Subbu Lakshmi, D. Gnanadurai, I. Muthulakshmi, "Energy Efficient Compressive Sensing based Multi-focus Image Fusion Scheme for WVSN," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.274-280, 2018.

Demonstrating refactoring sound as for a formal semantics is viewed as a test. Designers compose test cases to check their refactoring implementations. However, it is troublesome and time expending to have a decent test suite since it requires complex sources of info (programs) and a prophet to check whether it is conceivable to apply the transformation. In the event that it is conceivable, the subsequent program must save the perceptible conduct. There are some computerized strategies for testing refactoring motors. In any case, they may have impediments identified with the program generator (comprehensiveness, setup, expressiveness), automation (sorts of prophets, bug classification), time utilization or sorts of refactoring that can be tried. This paper stretches out past system to test refactoring engines. It likewise clarifies the enhancement expressiveness of the program generator for testing more kinds of refactoring`s, such as Extract Function. Moreover, developers simply need to determine the information`s structure in an explanatory dialect. They may likewise set the system to skip some continuous test contributions to enhance performance. This additionally assesses strategy in 18 kinds of refactoring implementations of Java and distinguishes 35 bugs identified with aggregation blunders, behavioral changes, and overly strong conditions. This paper thinks about the effect of the skip on the time utilization and bug detection in this proposed method. By using a skip of 25 in the program generator, it decreases in 96%the times to test the refactoring implementations while missing only 3.9% of the bugs. In almost no time, it finds the principal failure related to aggregation blunder or behavioral change.

Refactoring, overly strong preconditions, automated testing, program generation

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Vol.4, Issue .5, pp.76-80, May-2016

[27] ]Nagaveni, A. Ananda Rao, P. Radhika Raju, “Testing Refactoring Implementations of Object-Oriented Systems”
International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6 , Issue.7,pp.530-534, Jul-2018

Padakanti Divya, Karanam Madhavi, "Scaling and Testing Refactoring Preconditions in Refactoring Engines," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.281-287, 2018.

Popular medical arena, Diabetic Retinopathy stands an oddity that arises into eyes which is gradually expanded and its diagnosis at a primary phase is very critical for retaining vision of several patients. A computerized mass screening of diabetic retinopathy in retinal pictures can assist in diminishing the probability of widespread blindness because of DR together with dropping the work-pressure on ophthalmologists. An automatic identification systems are also accessible which lead to explore numerous eye wounds like micro-aneurysms, haemorrhages , hard exudates and cotton wool exudates by means of colour fundus images. The existence of micro-aneurysms in the retinal images is the most indicative signal of diabetic retinopathy. Stable identification and classification of numerous lesions handle as an important criteria towards automatic grading and severity of the disease. Now we review the diverse previous studies which help in spontaneous diagnose the eye diseases with the intent of affording decision approval in extension to lessening the load of an ophthalmologist.

Retinal coloured fundus images, Diabetic Retinopathy, optic disk, Red and bright lesions, image processing techniques, classification

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[10] Javeria Amin, Muhammad Sharif, Mussarat Yasmin, Hussam Ali, Steven Lawrence Fernandes , “A Method for the Detection and Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Structural Predictors of Bright Lesions” proceedings in Journal of Computational Science, Elsevier 19 (2017), pp: 153-164, Doi: 10.1016/j.jocs.2017.01.002
[11] Sudeshna Sil Kar and Santi P. Maity , “Automatic Detection of Retinal Lesions for Screening of Diabetic Retinopathy” proceedings in IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, (2017), Doi: 10.1109/TBME.2017.2707578
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[15] Ashish Issac, Malay Kishore Dutta, Carlos M., “Automatic computer vision-based detection and quantitative analysis of indicative parameters for grading of diabetic retinopathy” proceedings in advances in bio-inspired intelligent systems: Neural Computing and Applications. Springer (2018), Doi: 10.1007/s00521-018-3443-z
[16] Yanhui Guo, Umit Budak, Lucas J.Vespa, Eiham Khorasani, Abdulkadir Sengur, “ A retinal vessel detection approach using convolution neural network with reinforcement sample learning strategy”, Measurement , Elsevier 125 (2018),pp:586–591,Doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2018.05.003
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Jaspreet Kaur, Prabhpreet Kaur, "A Relative exploration of dark and bright lesions Segmentation techniques for early detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in retinal fundus images," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.288-298, 2018.