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Data science is the most promising area in computer science today. Data science uses various methods and techniques to deal with large volume of data accumulated day by day. Predictive analytics is the prime concept in data science by processing these large volumes of data to make important predictions. This is being achieved through machine learning family of algorithms. This paper makes a note on the core concept of machine learning and the strategies to adopt suitable machine learning algorithms for the problems in data science. It also reviews different areas of machine learning applications in data science.

Data Science, Machine Learning, Supervised Learning, Reinforcement Learning

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John Martin R, Swapna S.L, Sujatha S, "Adopting Machine Learning Models for Data Analytics-A Technical Note," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.10, pp.359-364, 2018.

Quality of Services is an important aspect in Wireless Adhoc network, where nodes are organized with reduced resources like low energy and low bandwidth due to the lack of network infrastructure. There are various QOS aware routing protocol presented to improve the link quality to enhance the WSN quality of services, but most of these protocols were limited to efficient routing and to minimizing the overhead. Moreover many of these protocols suffer from design issues which makes quality of service ,a challenging research task due to lack of efficient routing protocols . In this protocol we propose a new multipath, multicast routing protocol that addresses the issue of route congestion .In this protocol we propose a Link Stable Intelligent Caching Multipath and Multicast Routing protocol for WSN by adopting particle swarm optimization technique to identify the optimal route and employed intelligent caching to minimize route congestion and to improve the load balancing.

WSN, PSO, Load Balancing, Caching, QOS in wireless sensor network

[1] Yi, J., Adnane, A., David, S.and Parrein, B., “Multipath Optimized Link State Routing for Mobile AdHoc Networks”, AdHoc Networks(2010),Elsevier, doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.04.007.
[2] P. P. Tandon and BibhudattaSahoo, “A Novel Congestion Avoidance Based Load Balanced Routing with Optimal Flooding in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”, In the proceedings of the International Conference on Contemporary Computing, UFL& JIITU,IC3 (2008), pp. 195-202.
[3] ]Moon Jeong Kim, Dong Hoon Lee,andYoung Ik Eom, “Enhanced Non-disjoint Multi-path Source Routing Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks”, Proceedings: International Conference on Computational science and its applications, vol. Part III (ICCSA), 2007,pp. 1187-1196.
[4] Gabriel loan Ivascu, Samuel Pierre and Alejandro Quintero, “QoS Routing with Traffic Distribution in Mobile ad hoc Networks”, Computer Communications, vol.32,2009,pp. 306-316.
[5] Shruti Sangwan, Nitin Goel, and Ajay Jangra, “ AELB: Adaptive and Efficient Load Balancing Schemes to Achieve Fair Routing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs)”, International Journal of Computer science and technology, vol. 2, issue 3 (version 1) , September 2011,pp. 11-15.
[6] K.R. Shobhaand K. Rajanikanth, “Intelligent Caching in on-demand Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2009.
[7] Premalatha.J and Bala Subramanie.P, “Enhancing the quality of service in WSNs by effective routing”, ICWCSC 2010.
[8] Moon Jeong Kim, Dong Hoon Lee, and YoungIkEom, “Enhanced Non-disjoint Multi-path Source Routing Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks”, In the Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational science and its applications, vol. Part III (ICCSA), 2007,pp. 1187-1196.
[9] Melike Oz Pasaogullari, Catherine M. Harmonosky and Sanjay Joshi, “Node Independent Multipath Routing Algorithm for WSN”.
[10] Chengyong Liu, KezhongLiu and Layuan Li, “Research of QoS –aware Routing Protocol with Load Balancing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”, In the Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Wireless communication, 2008.
[11] Satyanarayana, D. and Rao, S.V., “Link Failure Prediction QoS Routing Protocol for WSN”, Information and Communication Technology in Electrical Sciences, ICTES 2007, December 2007, pp. 1031-1036.
[12] Luo Liu, Cuthbert, L., “A Novel QoS in Node-Disjoint Routing for Ad Hoc Networks”, IEEE ICC Workshop, 2008,pp. 202-206.
[13] Navid Nikaein and Christian Bonnet, “A Glance at Quality of Service Models for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”, DNAC, 2002.
[14] ChunxueWu,Fengna Zhang and Hongming Yang, “A Novel QoS Multipath Routing in WSNs”, International Journal of Digital Content Technology and its Applications, 2010.
[15] G. Narsimha,A. Venugopal Reddy and S.S.V.N. Sarma,
“The Effective Multicasting Routing Protocol in Wireless Mobile Ad hoc Network”, In the Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on networking (ICN’07),IEEE,2007.
[16] N Zhang, A Anpalagan “Comparative Review of QoS –Aware On-Demand Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks”, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), 2010,pg no:274-284.
[17] Garg, N. Batra, I. Taneja, A. Bhatnagar, A. Yadav, S. Kumar,”Cluster Formation based Comparison of Genetic Algorithm and Particle swarm Optimization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network”, Isroset-Journal (IJSRCSE) Vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp.14-20, Apr-2017
[18] V. Prasad, VS. Sunsan,”Multi path dynamic routing for data integrity and delay Minimization differentiated services in wireless sensor network”, Isroset-Journal (IJSRCSE)Vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp.20-23, Aug-2016

Padmaleela Damaraju, M Sesha Shayee, "LINK STABLE INTELLIGENT CACHING MULTIPATH AND MULTICAST ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR WSN," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.10, pp.365-372, 2018.

The efficiency of Software testing can be improved by scheduling the test cases using test case prioritization technique (TCP). A novel test case prioritization approach is proposed to schedule the execution of test cases in testing process of software development. Our approach prioritizes the test cases generated from UML Sequence diagram. The major objective of our TCP approach is to achieve high rate of fault detection and test coverage. In this paper, an intermediate graph is created form UML sequence diagram to generate the message sequence paths. We calculate the weights of each node of the graph according to the affecting nodes using forward slice and edge using information flow model. Then the weights of test paths which are generated from sequence diagram are calculated by adding the weights of associated nodes and edges. According to the weights of corresponding test paths the test cases are prioritized. The obtained results indicate that the proposed technique is effective in prioritizing the test cases by the Average Percentage of Fault Detection (APFD) metric to estimate the performance of our proposed approach. The result of our proposed approach is compared with the result of traditional approach using APFD for some selected software. Finally, our proposed prioritization approach is also compared with some available related work.

Test case prioritization, sequence diagram, message sequence path, forward slicing, information flow model

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S.S. Basa, S.K. Swain, D.P. Mohapatra, "Model-based Test Case Prioritization," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.10, pp.373-381, 2018.

In this paper an inset feed, rectangular microstrip textile patch antenna operating at 2.4 GHz has been proposed. The designed antenna is analyzed under bend and normal condition. For design of this antenna, 2.85 mm thick polyester fabric with dielectric constant of 1.44 is used as a substrate and 0.04 mm thick copper is used as conductive part of antenna. The designed antenna is tuned at desired frequency with return loss of -32.5 dB and an impedance bandwidth of 90 MHz is observed. Then same antenna is simulated on a three layer body phantom model (containing properties of muscles, skin and fat) for flat and bending conditions. A SAR (specific absorption rate) analysis is also done on the basis of 1 g and 10 g tissue of human body. Variations in performance parameters like return loss, gain and SAR due to lossy nature of human body are observed and analyzed. Further EBG (electromagnetic band gap) material is used to reduce SAR.

Body wearable patch antenna, SAR (specific absorption rate), EBG (electromagnetic band gap)

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[2] D. Paul, H.Giddens, M. Paterson,G. Hilton, and J.McGeehan, “Impact of body and clothing on a wearable textile dual band antenna at digital television and wireless communications bands,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 2188–2194, 2013.
[3] Y. Sun, S. W. Cheung and T. I. Yuk, "Design of a textile ultra-wideband antenna with stable performance for body-centric wireless communications," in IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 8, no. 15, pp. 1363-1375, 9 12 2014.
[4] S. Zhu and R. Langley, "Dual-band wearable antennas over EBG substrate," in Electronics Letters, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 141-142, 1 Feb. 2007.
[5] S. Yan, P. J. Soh and G. A. E. Vandenbosch, "Wearable dual-band composite right/ left-handed waveguide textile antenna for WLAN applications," in Electronics Letters, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 424-426, 13 March 2014.
[6] L. Vallozzi, H. Rogier and C. Hertleer, "Dual Polarized Textile Patch Antenna for Integration Into Protective Garments," in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 7, pp. 440-443, 2008.
[7] M. Virili, H. Rogier, F. Alimenti, P. Mezzanotte and L. Roselli, "Wearable Textile Antenna Magnetically Coupled to Flexible Active Electronic Circuits," in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 13, pp. 209-212, 2014.
[8] S. Yan, P. J. Soh and G. A. E. Vandenbosch, "Compact All-Textile Dual-Band Antenna Loaded With Metamaterial-Inspired Structure," in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 14, pp. 1486-1489, 2015.
[9] P. Salonen and Y. Rahimat-Samii, "Textile antennas: effects of antenna bending on input matching and impedance bandwidth," in IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 10-14, March 2007.
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[11] S. Agneessens and H. Rogier, "Compact Half Diamond Dual-Band Textile HMSIW On-Body Antenna," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 2374-2381, May 2014.
[12] Nagar, KS. Solanki, "Design and Analysis of Micro Strip Patch Antenna", International Journal of Scientific Research in Network Security and Communication, Vol.1, Issue.1, pp.1-5, 2013
[13] Arpit Nagar, Aditya Singh Mandloi and Khem Singh Solanki, "Microstrip Antenna Using Dummy EBG", International Journal of Scientific Research in Network Security and Communication, Vol.1, Issue.2, pp.24-28, 2013
[14] P. J. Soh, G. Vandenbosch, F. H. Wee, A. van den Bosch, M. Martinez-Vazquez and D. Schreurs, "Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Evaluation of Textile Antennas," in IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 229-240, April 2015.
[15] S. J. Chen, T. Kaufmann, D. C. Ranasinghe and C. Fumeaux, "A Modular Textile Antenna Design Using Snap-on Buttons for Wearable Applications," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 894-903, March 2016.-1
[16] H. J. Lee, K. L. Ford and R. J. Langley, "Switchable on/off-body communication at 2.45 GHz using textile microstrip patch antenna on stripline," in Electronics Letters, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 254-256, 1 March 2012.
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Jaget Singh, B.S Sohi, "Design and Performance Analysis of Body Wearable Antenna," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.10, pp.382-386, 2018.

Blockchain Systems and Ubiquitous computing are changing the manner we work together and lead our lives. A standout amongst the most imperative utilizations of the Blockchain technology is in automation processes, digital assistants and Internet-of-Things (IoT). Machines have so far been constrained in ability primarily because they have restricted capacity to exchange value. Any monetary exchange of value which is of significant worth must be supervised by humans or human based centralized ledgers. Blockchain technology changes all that. It allows machines to have unique identities and hence a virtual presence. Blockchain technology even allows for automated verification by the network of machines itself. It permits machines to exchange value and introduce the element of discretion in the hands of Machines. This can form the basis for ultimately developing IoT going on to Artificial Intelligence. This paper aims to investigate and expound couple of most impactful use-cases of blockchain technology in ubiquitous computing/omnipresent processing.

Blockchain, ubiquitous computing, IoT, cryptocurrency, crypto wallet.

[1] Kartik Hegadekatti, Automation Process and Blockchain Process, [Online], MPRA.
[2] S.K. Sharma, L. Gupta, “A Novel Approach for Cloud Computing Environment”, International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue.12, pp.1-5, 2014.
[3] Stefan Posland, Ubiquitous Computing, Wiley Publication, 2009.
[4] The Internet of Money by Andreas M Autonopoulos , [Offline]
[5] Blockchain for Dummies by Tiana Laurance. [Hardboumd]
[6] Satwik.P.M., Geluvaraj B, T.A. Ashok Kumar, “A study on application of AI, ML, DL and Blockchain in healthcare and Pharmaceuticals and it’s furture”, International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6 , Issue.8 , pp.765-770, Aug-2018
[7] Satish Chandra Gullena, “IoT architectures based on blockchain technologies”, International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6 , Issue.7 , pp.874-878, Jul-2018
[8] N. S . Tinu, “ A survey on Blockchain technology – taxonomy, consensus algorithms and applications, International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6 , Issue.5 , pp.691-696, May-2018
[9] Shahid Ul Haq, Yashwant Singh, “On IoT Security Models : Traditional and Block chain”, International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.06 , Special Issue.03 , pp.26-31, Apr-2018

Parthasarathy P.D., Vinod Vijayakumaran, "The Emergence of Blockchain Technology in Ubiquitous Computing," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.10, pp.387-391, 2018.

Cloud deliver awesome comfort to its users as the user experience cloud services without having own hardware infrastructure. Now a day’s cloud services have important role on the internet as most of the services used by us are either cloud based or likely to be migrated in to cloud. The open architecture of cloud invites various security and vulnerability issues. The user data are outsourced and there is no strong privacy present between the user and cloud server because cloud uses third party intervention (which generally access the user data and auditing them). Outsourcing cloud data leads various vulnerability and privacy issues. Many researchers proposed different technique to address privacy preservation in the cloud computing, but still they are not 100% succeeded, some of them works on fine grained access control and some advocated attribute base access control scheme. In this paper, we made an attempt to compare two renowned privacy preservation schemes based on Fine Grained and Attribute based access control mechanism.

Cloud Computing,privacy preservation,Fine Grained

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[5] H. Liu, H. Ning, Q. Xiong, L.T. Yang, “Shared Authority Based Privacy-Preserving Authentication Protocol in Cloud Computing,” Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp241-251, January, 2015.
[6] Hong Liu, Student Member, IEEE, Huansheng Ning, Senior Member, IEEE, Qingxu Xiong, Member, IEEE, and Laurence T. Yang, Member, IEEE “Shared Authority Based Privacy-Preserving Authentication Protocol in Cloud Computing” , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS, VOL. 26, NO. 1, JANUARY 2015.
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Umar Khalid Farooqui, Ajay Kumar Bharti, "A Comparision of Access Control Schemes for Cloud Data Privacy," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.10, pp.392-395, 2018.

The structured data mashup is the special kind of data mashup which deals with well structured data throughout the mashup development process. This paper highlights mashup development life cycle and the roles of IT developers as well as end users in various steps of mashup development. The pre-mashup configuration is the essential process of the any data mashup development that creates mashup module consisting of data module, service module, mapping module and UI module. In this work, we have explored mapping module called SDXMapping to design multi-configuration styles of structured data mashup, which will not only help the mashup developers but also the end users to develop the data mashup as per the situational need

Data Mashup, Structured Data Mashup, Mashup Development Life Cycle, SDXMapping, Multi-Configuration Styles

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Prakash Narayan Hardaha, Shailendra Singh, "Multi-Configuration Styles of Structured Data Mashup using SDXMapping," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.10, pp.396-404, 2018.

The growth of digital technology over the past decades is leading to new challenges like storage and transmission of digital images. As the digital image in its raw form occupies more storage space and takes longer time for transmission. Several image compression methods exist to address this issue and fractal image compression is one among the popular image compression methods. But fractal image compression has a disadvantage of more encoding time. In this paper, we have proposed a new architecture for fractal image compression. The proposed architecture is modeled using Verilog HDL, synthesized using Xilinx ISE 14.2, implemented on Xilinx Spartan 6 FPGA board and is tested on Standard Lena image[512x512]. The proposed architecture will reduce the design cycle time and the implementation cost. The results of the proposed architecture have shown a considerable reduction in encoding time to 5.897ns when compared to software implementation.

Architecture, Fractal Image Compression, FPGA, Quadtree Decomposition

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S. Padmavati, Vaibhav Meshram, "FPGA Implementation for Fractal Quadtree Image Compression," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.10, pp.405-409, 2018.

One of the sort of ad-hoc network is Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). MANETs are making them arrange and owned formulated network and there is no concentrated base station. In routing forwarding the data packet between nodes is core issue due to badly behaving or untrustworthy nodes present in the network. Recommendation trust model is a framework to find out the untrustworthy nodes and provide routes for packets to destination. A trust demonstrate takes recommendation by nodes transforms into an issue in light of the nearness of deceptive proposition like as ballot-stuffing, bad-mouthing and collusion. Untrustworthy nodes in the existing trust models lead to attacks by using recommendation which is investigated in this paper. Time and Location Dependent Attack Detection (TLDAD) Approach has been proposed in this paper to successfully sift through attacks identified as dishonest recommendation. The fundamental commitment of this work is to identify and remove time and location dependent attack related to recommendation Trust Model in MANETs. The model is tested under a couple of mobile and isolated topologies within which nodes find some changes in neighborhood provoking regular course changes. This paper focuses on a secure communication path across the nodes in the network. The experimental examination shows activeness and accuracy of the proposed method in a dynamic MANET condition.

Mobile ad hoc networks, Dishonest recommendation, Trust management, Recommendation Trust Model , Time and Location Dependent Attack

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Namrata Kumari, Chetan Agrawal, Pooja Meena, "Identify And Remove Time And Location Dependent Attack Using Trust Concept for MANETs," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.10, pp.410-416, 2018.

Content based image retrieval (CBIR) relies on fetching relevant images from a dataset based on low level image features. Image features such as colour, texture and shape have been widely used in CBIR applications. These handcrafted features have been carefully designed and found to perform well in image retrieval task. The performance of these features greatly depends on the choice of the handcrafted features being used and domain knowledge. Hence there is a need to identify image features which are independent of domain knowledge and can be dynamically extracted from image data. Machine learning is a promising area here, since it focuses on learning representations from input data. Machine learning methods have been applied in various image processing tasks earlier. Convolution neural networks (CNN) models are able to create expressive features from image data and are successfully applied in image classification tasks. In this paper, we create a frame work to use CNNs to learn features from the image data and use these learned features for content based image retrieval. We test our proposed CBIR framework to retrieve images from a digital library database of art images. The results are compared against standard CBIR model which uses global colour histogram handcrafted feature. The results show that the learnt features extracted from a CNN model perform equally good as handcrafted features when applied to image retrieval task.

Content based image retrieval, Convolution neural networks, Machine learning, Global colour histogram

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Vijayakumar Bhandi, Sumithra Devi. K. A., "Content Based Image Retrieval using Learnt Features from Convolution Neural Networks," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.10, pp.417-421, 2018.