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The OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is a modulation technique which can offer high speed voice, video and data facility up to the customer end. Developing an understanding of the Channel estimation of OFDM can be best achieved by studying two types of estimation techniques. This paper discusses the model building of channel estimation of OFDM. This model is a beneficial tool serving as a helpful reserve for the students and the scholars who want to base their studies and research in the meadow of OFDM. The performance can be enriched by using some kind of Intelligence technique. This paper also discusses the benefits of using channel estimation in an OFDM system

orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ofdm), channel estimation, block type pilot arrangement, comb type pilot arrangement

[1]Keshav Kumar, Amit Grover,“Pilot Channel Estimation: A Performance Analysis ofOFDM”, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 4, Issue 1, 2013.
[2] Michele Morelli and Umberto Mengali, “A Comparison of Pilot-Aided Channel EstimationMethods for OFDM Systems”,IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing Volume49 , Issue: 12 ,2001.
[3] O. Edfors, M. Sandell, J. J. van de Beek, S. K. Wilson, and P. O. Borjesson, “OFDM channel estimation by singular value decomposition,”IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 46, pp. 931–939, 1998.
[4] Sinem Coleri, Mustafa Ergen, Anuj Puri, and Ahmad Bahai, “Channel Estimation Techniques Based on PilotArrangement in OFDM Systems”,IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting , Volume48 , Issue 3 ,2002.
[5] J.-J. van de Beek, O. Edfors, M. Sandell, S. K. Wilson, and P. O. Borjesson, “On channel estimation in OFDM systems”, in Proc. IEEE 45thVehicular Technology Conf., Chicago, IL, pp. 815–819, 1995.
[6] Pallaviram Sure, Chandra Mohan Bhuma, “A survey on OFDM channel estimation techniques based on denoising strategies”,Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal,Volume 20, Issue 2, pp 629-636,2017.
[7] Chia-Hsin Cheng , Yung-Fa Huang , Hsing-Chung Chen,Tsung-Yu Yao, “Neural Network-Based Estimation for OFDM Channels", 2015 IEEE 29th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications,2015.
[8] Meng-Han Hsieh, Che-Ho Wei, “Channel Estimation for OFDM Systems Based onComb-Type Pilot Arrangement in Frequency Selective Fading Channels”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Volume 44, Issue 1, 1998 )

H.P.S. Rishi, Garima Behl, Dalveer Kaur, "Channel Estimation in OFDM systems: A Survey paper," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.540-543, 2019.

Arecanut is the seed of the areca palm (Areca catechu), Arecanut palm is one of the important commercial crops in India. Majority of arecanut are produced and consumed by Indian populations when compared to other countries. This paper proposes, to Classify Healthy and Diseased Arecanut images. In this paper Healthy and diseased arecanut are have been done. Structured matrix decomposition model (SMD) is used to segment the images and LBP features are extracted using SVM classifier. Experimental results demonstrate proposed method perform well and obtained accuracy of 98%.

Arecanut Images, SMD, SVM Classifier

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[4] H. Peng, B. Li, H. Ling, W. Hu, W. Xiong, & S.J. Maybank, “Salient object detection via structured matrix decomposition.”, IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, 39(4), 818-832, 2017.
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[13] M. Suresha K. N. Shreekanth and B. V. Thirumalesh B V. “Diagnosis and Classification of diseases in Paddy Leaves`.”, Journal of Current Advanced Research , 06(10), pp. 6448-6452.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijcar.2017.6452.0945 ,2017.

H. Chandrashekhara, M. Suresha, "Classification of Healthy and Diseased Arecanuts using SVM Classifier," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.544-548, 2019.

Chalcogenide alloys are highly explored due to their various technological applications. In present study, effect of additives on structural and optical properties of a-Se thin films is observed. Bulk samples of a-Se, In50Se50 (InSe) and Sb50Se50 (SbSe) are prepared using melt quench technique. Thin films of powdered samples have been deposited by thermal evaporation technique. X-ray diffraction study reveals that Se and SbSe thin films are amorphous in nature, whereas InSe thin films are crystalline in nature which indicates about phase change upon In incorporation. The change in morphology due to phase change, studied by field emission scanning electron microscopic image, is also shown. The optical transmission is also found to vary with Sb and In alloying. The optical band gap decreases greatly in SbSe with slight decrease in transmission, whereas in InSe, transmission reduced drastically with decrease in band gap. The decrease in transmission in InSe is attributed to the phase change in InSe thin films. The tuning of band gap and transmission upon In and Sb addition makes them applicable for various technological applications.

Chalcogen, melt quenching, thermal evaporation, phase change material, optical transmission

[1] S. Sagadevan, E. Chandraseelan, “Applications of Chalcogenide Glasses: An Overview”, International Journal of ChemTech Research, Vol. 6, No. 11, pp. 4682-4686, 2014.
[2] R. Wang, J. Wei, Y. Fan, “Chalcogenide Phase-Change Thin Films used as Grayscale Photolithography Materials”, Optics Express, Vol. 22, Issue. 5, pp. 4973-4984, 2014.
[3] M. K. Agarwal, M. Saxena, S. Gupta, “A Study on Optical Parameters of Ge-Se-Te Thin Film for Optical Storage Devices”, International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue. 12, pp. 943-947, 2018.
[4] M. H. R. Lankhorst, “Modelling Glass Transition Temperatures of Chalcogenide Glasses. Applied to Phase-Change Optical Recording Materials”, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 297, Issue. 2-3, pp. 210-219, 2002.
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[12] E. Zhu, X. Zhao, J. Wang, C. Lin, “Compositional Dependence of Physical and Structural Properties in (Ge1-xGax)S2 Chalcogenide Glasses”, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 489, pp. 45-49, 2018.
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[14] A. Zakery, S. R. Elliott, “Optical Properties and Appliations of Chalcogenide Galsses: A Review”, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 330, Issue. 1-3, pp. 1-12, 2003.
[15] W. C. Tan, G. Belev, K. Koughia, R. Johanson, S. P. O’Leary, S. Kasap, “Optical Properties Vacuum Deposited and Chlorine Doped a-Se Thin Films: Aging Effects”, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 429-433, 2007.
[16] M. A. M. Khan, M. Zulfequarm M. Hussain, “Estimation of Density of Localized States of a-Se100-xSbx Films using Electrical Properties”, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol. 62, Issue. 6, pp. 1093-1101, 2001.
[17] R. Kumar, P. Sharma, P. B. Barman, V. Sharma. S. C. Katyal, V. S. Rangra, “Thermal Stability and Crystallization Kinetics of Se-Te-Sn Alloys using Differential Scanning Calorimetry”, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 110, Issue. 3, pp. 1053-1060, 2012.
[18] R. Kaur, P. Singh, K. Singh, A. Kumar, A. Thakur, “Optical Band Gap Tuning of Sb-Se Thin Films for Xerographic based Applications”, Superlattices and Microstructure, Vol. 98, pp. 187-193, 2016.
[19] P. Singh, R. Kaur, A. Kumar, A. Thakur, “Structural and Optical Properties of SbxSe100-x (x = 0,5) Thin Films”, Optical and Quantum Electronics, Vol. 49, No. 9, pp. 288, 2017.
[20] R. Kaur, P. Singh, A. Thakur, “Optical Band Gap Study of a-Se and Se-Sb Thin Films”, AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 1728, No. 1, pp. 020401, 2016.
[21] A. F. Qasrawi, T. S. Kayed, K. A. Elsayed, “Properties of Se/InSe Thin-Film Interface”, Journal of Elctronic Materials, Vol. 45, No. 6, pp. 2763-2768 ,2016.
[22] A. Thakur, P. S. Chandel, V. Sharma, N. Goyal, G. S. S. Saini, S. K. Tripathi, “Photoelectrical Properties in Thin Films of (Ge20Se80)0.98Sn0.02 Glassy Alloy”, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 1203-1208, 2003.

Harpreet Singh, "Effects of Additives on Structural and Optical Properties of Selenium Thin Films," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.549-552, 2019.

Alzheimer Disease is one of the leading neuro-degenerative diseases. It is the most expensive disease in the modern society which is characterized by cognitive, intellectual as well as behavioral disturbance. Due to this, the early diagnosis of the disease is essential. Electroencephalography can be used as standardized tools for diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease. This paper discusses the important aspects of Electroencephalography & spectral & wavelet based features for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. This paper discusses the use of the different spectral based features such as Relative EEG power in various bands of EEG signal. In this study, it is observed that the EEG of the Alzheimer patients slows down & the EEG of the AD infected patients is less complex as that compared to the Controlled patients. In present research work, classification accuracy of 96% is achieved by use of K nearest Neighbor classifier by combination of Spectral & Wavelet based features. EEG can be therefore used as the tool for the early & automated diagnosis of Alzheimer disease.

Alzheimer Disease, Dementia, EEG, Spectral features, Wavelet features, K nearesst neighbor classifier

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[15] Raymundo Cassani, Tiago H. Falk, Francisco J .Fraga, Paulo A. M. Kanda and Renato Anghinah, “The effects of automated artifact removal algorithms on electroencephalography-based Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis”, Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Volume 6, Article 55, pp. 1 – 13, March 2014.
[16] Kulkarni N, Bairagi V, “EEG-based diagnosis of alzheimer disease: a review and novel approaches for feature extraction and classification techniques”, Academic Press, Cambridge, 2018.
[17] Parham Ghorbanian, David Devilbiss, “Identification of Resting & Active State EEG features of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Discrete Wavelet Transform”, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, The Journal of Biomedical Engineering Society, Vol.41, No. 6, pp.1243-1257, June 2013.
[18] Andrea Rueda, Fabio A. Gonzalez, “Extracting Salient Brain Patterns for imaging based Classification of Neurodegenerative Diseases”, IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, Vol. 33, No.6, pp. 1262-1274, June 2014.
[19] R. Viswanathan, K. Perumal, "Segmentation Technique to Detect the AD in Hippocampus Shape using Region Growing in Support Vector Machine", International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.56-59, 2018.
[20] Meenu Shukla, Sanjiv Sharma, "Analysis of Efficient Classification Algorithm for Detection of Phishing Site", International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.5, Issue.3, pp.136-141, 2017

N. N. Kulkarni, K. R. Kasture, "Significance of Spectral & Wavelet features in diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.553-559, 2019.

Automation is the art that reduces human or any other entities labour its time and the cost. The sole objecting of designing this project is inventing a system for the people who are less privileged to power and use household by sitting in their chair and using their voice to improvise commands. This asset is functionally designed in a way to be helpful to them which hasn’t been profoundly implemented till date. The motivation to design this voice based home automation system especially the people suffering from disabilities like quadriplegia (who cannot move their limbs but can speak and listen) to managed household appliances to their convenience. An implementation of texting concept has also been applied for the verbally challenged. The concept of this is whenever the person needs help he/she can pronounce help and a text message would be sent to their immediate family members. This system is very useful in the case of any emergencies concerning the person.

Home Automation System, Node MCU, Voice Recognition Module, Realy Circuit

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Sapna Yadav, Samridhi Srivastava, Megh Singhal, "Smart Home Automation Using Voice Recognition," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.560-563, 2019.

a successful recommendation approach in data mining can be done with the use of Collaborative Filtering (CF). It deals with the information which is recommended by people. People’s Choice is one of the better aspects of future recommendations. Typically, CF methods are mostly used for solving the problem of data sparsity and cold-start problem. A novel Domain-sensitive Recommendation (DsRec) is an algorithm used for the rating prediction by exploring the user-item subgroup analysis simultaneously. The Proposed work is an extension to DsRec using Trust-based system that considers the trust of the recommender. This type of recommendation system can help to get the information of user’s preferences in different types of domains which make rating predictions trust-worthy and efficient. A trust-based recommendation is complementing the developed algorithm.

Collaborative filtering, data mining , recommendation system

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Chinmay Puranik, Grantej Otari, "Hybrid Approach for product Recommendations using Collaborative filtering," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.564-568, 2019.

Smart meter networks are the spine in distribution grid for smart electrical. Here, in smart Grid, and there are number of smart meters are interconnected and two-way information flows. The distribution side, the smart grid requires the integration of intellectual electronic devices such as Automatic Metering Infrastructure (AMI). This AMI needs wireless communication technology for relay information from the control centre to the energy meters. The flow of information and power in smart grids is bidirectional which is controlled with the help of software and supporting hardware. Optimized Network Engineering Tools (OPNET) Modeler is one of the most dominant simulation tools for the analysis of communication networks. In this paper, a number of models of dissimilar structured smart meter networks were developed with network parameters which were connected with different communication as wired and wireless in which order to compute database query, file transfer to server with respect to time where normal data transfer and DDoS attack to the network. Moreover, a security model that detects the DDoS attacks was mounted on AMI. The outcome of this paper provided a guideline to the future smart meter network developer so as to evade horrible challenges faced by some of the distribution companies. A scenario for the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), which is one of the smart grid`s application areas, was set up and the performance of the test bed was evaluated by implementing an able power management agent model.

Smart Grid OPNET, AMI, DDoS Attack

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Tejaskumar Bhatt, Chetan Kotwal, Nirbhaykumar Chaubey, "Implementing AMI Network using Riverbed OPNET Modeler for DDoS attack," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.569-574, 2019.

Advance Wireless communication offers fast data transfer rate,Quality of Service(QoS)and capability to travel or roam heterogeneous networks. .A Handoff technique is an important issue in Modern wireless mobile networks. Handoff delays make a serious problem,our intention is always reduce handoff delay or latency. There are several research has been done in past few years to reduce the handoff delays occur in the multiple levels of wireless communication. Because of the movability of devices handoff is an important aspect in Wireless Local Area Network(WLAN) and cellular communications or cellular networks. In WLAN this aspect is much more important due to bounded range of Access Point (APs), WLAN also provides sufficient bandwidth for real time streaming services. In the literature multiple handoff schemes have been proposed to reduce the handoff latency and also support fast handoff in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. In this paper, we review these handoff schemes and explore their utility and downside qualitatively. In this paper, Our aim is to make a spadework for future research on reducing the handoff latency and give emphasis on requirement of fast handover for seamless connectivity. We comprise here various techniques to reduce handoff delays. Some future research ideas are also suggested here.

Handoff, WLAN, Handoff Latency, Access Point, Selective Scanning, ,Neighbor Graph.

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D. Sarddar, U. Ghosh, Rajat Pandit, "A Survey on Reducing Handoff Latency in WLAN," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.575-588, 2019.

In the realm of advances in Processing Capabilities as well as Algorithms and their Efficiencies, transliteration mechanisms between Handwritten and Digital data namely called as Recognition Systems or Machine Reading Systems have been able to reach reliable precision. Devanagari and its variant scripts are widely used in the Indian Subcontinent. Being used by the second largest population in the world, it is practical to have research for Devanagari as well. While the current advances in recognition of Devanagari suggest requirement of more work and scope for accuracy levels, this survey aims to enlist the approaches taken in research to read handwritten Devanagari script. Citing works from different papers using different classifiers and techniques, it attempts to compare results and also imply the need of taking research forward. The survey contains methodologies followed in recent times, mentions data collection strategies or datasets available, uses classifiers and their recognition rates respectively.

Devanagari, Recognition, Segmentation, Pre-processing, Classification

[1] V.P. Agnihotri, “Offline Handwritten Devanagari Script Recognition”, International Journal Information Technology and Computer Science, pp. 37-42, 2012.
[2] A.N. Holambe, Dr. R.C.Thool, Dr. C.M.Jagade, “Printed and Handwritten Character & Number Recognition of Devanagari Script using Gradient Features”, International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol.2, Issue 9, pp. 0975-8887, 2010.
[3] A.Gaur, S.Yadav, “Handwritten Hindi Character Recognition using K-Means Clustering and SVM”, In the Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE 4th Symposium on Emerging Trends and Technologies in Libraries and Information Sciences, 2015.
[4] Niranjan Joshi, G.Sita, A.G. Ramakrishnan, Deepu V., Sriganesh Madhvanath, “Machine Recognition of Online Handwritten Devanagari Characters”, In the Proceedings of the 2005 8th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR’05), IEEE, 2005.
[5] P.B. Khanale, S.D. Chitnis, “Handwritten Devanagari Character Recognition using Artificial Neural Network”, Journal of Artificial Intelligence 4 (1), 2011.
[6] A. Dixit, A. Navghane, Y. Dandawate, “Handwritten Devanagari Character Recognition using Wavelet Based Feature Extraction and Classification Scheme”, In the Proceedings of 2014 IEEE Indian Conference (INDICON), 2014
[7] V.J. Dongre, V.M. Mankar, “A review of Research on Devanagari Character Recognition”, International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol.12, 2010.
[8] T. Mondal, U. Bhattacharya, S.K. Parui, K. Das, “Online Handwritten Recognition of Indian Scripts - the first benchmark”, In the Proceedings of the IEEE 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, 2010 .
[9] R. Jayadevan, S.R. Kolhe, P.M. Patil, U. Pal, “Offline Recognition of Devanagari Script: A Survey”, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics- Part C: Applications and Reviews, Vol. 41, 2011.
[10] Shreya N. Patankar, Leena N. Ragha, “Zonal Moments Based Handwritten Marathi Barakhadi Recognition”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), Vol. 1, Issue 6, August 2012.
[11] J. Ryu, H.I. Koo, N.I. Cho, “Word Segmentation Method for Handwritten Documents based on Structured Learning”, IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol. 22, 2015.
[12] Shalaka Deore, Leena Ragha, “Moment Based Online and Offline Handwritten Character Recognition”, CiiT International Journal of Biometric and Bioinformatics, Vol. 3, March 2011, ISSN: 0974-9675.

Gauri Kolte, Jennifer Fernandes, Prashant Vishwakarma, Samira Nikharge, Shalaka Deore, "A Survey on Recent Advances to Read Handwritten Devanagari Script," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.589-595, 2019.

The usability of images and videos is increased in a remarkable speed which built the fear of insecurity in the minds of end users. To revamp the security and bandwidth, allocation, while promulgation of data. A new concept has put forward to provide two levels of security by minimizing the size of the video using the compression algorithm and to encrypt it by using the Blow fish algorithm. This proposed Algorithm takes less memory Uses simple operations like XOR and additions, This algorithm improves significant efficiency

Promulgation, Feistal network, Key expansion, Enigma

[1] Vaibhav Poonia, Dr. Narendra Singh Yadav, “Analysis of modified Blowfish Algorithm in different cases with various parameters”, International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS -2015), Jan. 05 – 07, 2015..
[2] Mohammad Ali Bani Younes and Aman Jantan ,Image Encryption Using Block-Based Transformation Algorithm, IAENG International Journal of Computer Science, 35:1, IJCS_35_1_03
[3] Pia Singh and Prof. Karamjeet Singh “Image Encryption And Decryption Using Blowfish Algorithm In Matlab”, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 7, July-2013K.A.Sugeng,
[4] M.Dinesh And Dr.P.Suveetha Dhanaselvam,” Real Time Image Encryption And Decryption Using Blowfish Algorithm”, International Journal Of Emerging Technology In Computer Science & Electronics (Ijetcse) Issn: 0976-1353 Volume 22 Issue 2 – May 2016.
[5] Ankita Verma, Paramita Guha, Sunita Mishra,’’ Comparative Study Of Different Cryptographic Algorithms’’, International Journal Of Emerging Trends & Technology In Computer Science (Ijettcs), Volume 5, Issue 2, March - April 2016.
[6] Pia Singh, Prof. Karamjeet Singh,” Image Encryption And Decryption Using Blowfish Algorithm In Matlab”, nternational Of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 7, July-2013.
[7] S.G.K.D.N. Samaratunge, ―”New EnigmaTechnique for Palette Based Images”,In Second International Conference onIndustrial and InformationSystems, pp. 335-340, Aug. 8 –11,2007.
[8] J. He, S. Tang and T. Wu, ―”An Adaptive Image EnigmaBasedon Depth-Varying Embedding”, In Congress on Image and SignalProcessing, vol. 5, pp. 660-663, 27-30 May 2008.
[9] S Roy and D.G. Akka, “On complementary edge magic of certaingraphs”, American Journal of Mathematics and Statistics 2012,2(3):22-26.
[10] Tingyuan Nie and Teng Zhang,“ A Study of DES and Blowfish Encryption Algorithm”, IEEE, 2009.

Dinesh S, Padmavathi H G, C.S. Madhu, Divyashree H S, Bharath Raj D, "Ameliorate Large Video Enigma for Promulgation," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.596-600, 2019.