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This paper presents the state- of -art review of the influence of the marble dust on hardened properties of the Concrete. The main purpose of this review paper is to find out the great potential for the use of waste marble dust in concrete production, so that the environment must protect with the effect of waste marble dust. In this review paper, the influence of the marble dust on the hardened properties of concrete mix will be discussed in two segments. The first segment will discuss the impact of concrete by changing the soil from the marble dust and second segment deals with changing the cement from the marble dust.

Waste, Marble Dust, Concrete, Environment protection

1.A Boukhelkhal, L Azzouz, A S E Belaïdi& B Benabed 2016. Effects of marble powder as a partialreplacementof cement on some engineering properties of self compacting concrete. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, Vol. 30, no. 22, 2405–2419.
2. S Manpreet, S Anshuman, D Bhunia 2017. An investigation on effect of partial replacement of cement by waste marble slurry.Construction and Building Materials, 134, 471–488.
3. M Tennich, M B Ouezdou, A Kallel 2017. Behavior of self-compacting concrete made with marble and tilewastes exposed to external sulfate attack. Construction and Building Materials, 135, 335–342.
4. K E Alyamaç and A B Aydin 2015. Concrete Properties Containing Fine Aggregate Marble Powder. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering.
5. M Sardinha, J Brito, R Rodrigues 2016. Durability properties of structural concrete containing very fine aggregates of marble sludge. Construction and Building Materials, 119, 45–52.
6. A S E Belaidi, L Azzouz, E Kadri, S Kenai 2012. Effect of natural pozzolana and marble powder on the properties of self-compacting concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 31, 251–257.
7. N M Soliman 2013. Effect of using Marble Powder in Concrete Mixes on the Behavior and Strength of R.C. Slabs. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Vol.3, No.5, 1863-1870.
8. A D Sakalkale, G D Dhawale, R SKedar 2014. Experimental Study on Use of Waste Marble Dust in Concrete. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue 10 (Part - 6), 44-50.
9. H Binici, H Kaplan and S Yilmaz 2007. Influence of marble and limestone dusts as additives on some mechanical properties of concrete. Scientific Research and Essay Vol. 2 (9), 372-379.
10. A A Aliabdo, A E M A Elmoaty, E M Auda 2014. Reuse of waste marble dust in the production of cement and concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 50, 28–41.
11.B Demirel 2010. The effect of the using waste marble dust as fine sand
on the mechanical properties of the concrete. International Journal of the Physical Sciences, Vol. 5(9), 1372-1380.
12. G V Vigneshpandian, E A Shruthi, C Venkatasubramanian, D Muthu 2017. Utilization of Waste Marble Dust as Fine Aggregate in Concrete. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 80.
13. Raj P S Kushwah, I C Sharma, P B L Chaurasia 2015. Utilization of “Marble Slurry” In Cement Concrete Replacing Fine Agreegate. American Journal of Engineering Research, Volume-04, Issue-1, 55-58.
14. I S Kishore, M Chowdary 2015. A Study on Waste Utilization of Marble Dust in High Strength Concrete Mix. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, Volume 6, Issue 12, 01-07.
15. Anwesha Gayan and Diksha Das 2016. An Effort in Developing a Sustainable Concrete using Marble Powder as Partial Cement Replacement and Quarry Rock Dust as Fine Aggregrate with an Emphasis on Cost of Production. Journal of Civil Engineering and Environmental Technology, Volume 3, Issue 4, 293-296.
16. A Mishra, A Pandey, P Maheshwari, A Chouhan, S Suresh, S Das 2013. Green Cement For Sustainable Concrete Using Marble Dust. International Conference on Global Scenario in Environment and Energy, Vol.5, No.2, 616-622.
17. Ms. Monica C. Dhoka 2013. Green Concrete: Using Industrial Waste of Marble Powder, Quarry Dust and Paper Pulp. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention, Volume 2, Issue 10, 67-70.
18. N. Gurumoorthy 2014. Influence of Marble Dust as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, Vol. 3 Issue 3, 740-743.
19. R Pandey, M C Paliwal, J Mehta, J N Tiwari 2016. Optimum Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete With Waste Marble Dust Inconjuction With Superplasticizers. Int. Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 5(8), 867-876.
20. R Singh, M Bhutani and T Syal 2015. Strength evaluation of concrete using Marble Powder and Waste Crushed Tile Aggregates. International Journal for Science and Emerging Technologies with Latest Trends, 20(1), 18- 28.
21. M S Hameed and A S S Sekar 2009. Properties of Green Concrete Containing Quarry Rock Dust and Marble Sludge Powder as Fine Aggregates. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, VOL. 4, NO. 4, 83 – 89.
22. A Anwar, S Ahmad, S M A Husain, S A Ahmad 2015. Replacement of Cement by Marble Dust and Ceramic Waste in Concrete For Sustainable Development. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 6, 496 – 503.
23. E. Bacarji, R D Toledo Filho, E A B Koenders, E P Figueiredo, J L M P Lopes 2013. Sustainability perspective of marble and granite residues as concrete Fillers. Construction and Building Materials, 45, 1–10.
24. D Patel, P Bodiwala, T Joshi, U Dave 2016. To Study The Properties of Concrete as a Replacement of Cement With The Marble Dust Powder. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, Volume 7, Issue 4, 199–207.
25. H Amin, A R Khalid, A Alam 2014. Use of Silica Fume and Marble Dust as Partial Binding Material in Concrete. First International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering, Management and Scineces.

M. Manwani, P. K. Goyal, "Influence of the Marble dust on Hardened properties of the Concrete - A State of art review", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.05, Issue.02, pp.68-72, 2017.

Today, the manufacturing industry is changing rapidly in the economic situation. Due to globalization, the manufacturing industry is facing global competition in this scenario. The major problems facing these industries are the decline in profit margins, the demand for customers for high quality products and product diversity is declining. Today there is high pressure on the manufacturing industry of every short time. TQM, JIT MRP-I, MRP-II, Lean Management, ISO standards, Kaizen are some such industrial engineering and quality management strategies that have been developed to answer the requirements of broad competition. A very latest and powerful philosophy of this field is 6σ in the manufacturing sector around the world, 6σ is becoming very popular and it is being used to improve production rate and quality performance as well as for quality variations. It is also being taken to strengthen the Tea Paper Automobile Industries, small-scale industries, service industries and products. Imran provides a review of studies of 6σ terms applicable industries.

6σ, DMAIC, Quality

[1] Pyzdek T, Keller PA (2009), “The Six Sigma handbook” 3rd Edition McGraw-Hill, New York
[2] Pande, P., Neuman, R., and Cavanagh, R. (2000), “The Six Sigma Way: How GE, Motorola and Other Top Companies are Honing their Performance” (McGraw-Hill, New York).
[3] Craigh Gygi, Neil DeCarlo, Bruce Williams (2005), “Six Sigma for Dummies” published by Wiley publishing Inc., Indiana police, Indiana
[4] Alon Larson (2003), “Demystifying Six Sigma, Accompany Wide Approach to Continuous Improvement‖ published by AMCOM, A Division Of American Management Association
[5] Kunal Ganguly, (2012) “Improvement Process for Rolling Mill through the DMAIC Six Sigma Approach” International Journal for Quality Research
[6] Joshua Chan Ren Jie, Shahrul Kamaruddin and Ishak Abd Azid (2014), “Implementing the Lean Six Sigma Framework in a Small Medium Enterprise (SME) – A Case Study in a Printing Company” Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Bali, Indonesia,
[7] Hsiang-Chin Hung and Ming-Hsien Sung, (2011), “Applying Six Sigma to Manufacturing Processes in the Food Industry to Reduce Quality” Scientific Research and Essays
[8] Dr. Rajeshkumar U. Sambhe, (2012), “Six Sigma Practice for Quality Improvement – A Case Study of Indian Auto Ancillary Unit” IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering
[9] Prof. Dr. Vidosav Majstorović 1, M.Sc. Tatjana Sibalija 1, “Application of Six Sigma Methodology in Serbian Industry”
[10] Rajeshkumar U. Sambhe, (2012), “Journey of Six Sigma in Indian SMEs–Literature Snapshots” International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)
[11] J Antony, M Kumar and M K Tiwari, (2005), “An Application of Six Sigma Methodology to Reduce the Engine-Overheating Problem in an Automotive Company” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture
[12] Darshak A. Desai, (2006), ―Improving Customer Delivery Commitments the Six Sigma Way: Case Study of an Indian Small Scale Industry‖ Int. J. Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage
[13] S. Pimsakul, N. Somsuk, W. Junboon, and T. Laosirihongthong, (2013), “Production Process Improvement Using the Six Sigma DMAIC Methodology: A Case Study of a Laser Computer Mouse Production Process” The 19th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management
[14] Mohit Taneja1, Arpan Manchanda2, (2013), “Six Sigma an Approach to Improve Productivity in Manufacturing Industry” International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT)
[15] Tushar N. Desai and Dr. R. L. Shrivastava, (2008), “Six Sigma – A New Direction to Quality and Productivity Management” Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2008 WCECS 2008,
[16] E. V. Gijoa, Johny Scariab and Jiju Antonyc, (2011), “Application of Six Sigma Methodology to Reduce Defects of a Grinding Process”
[17] Darshak a. Desai1, mulchand b. Patel2, (2009), “Impact of Six Sigma in a Developing Economy: Analysis on Benefits Drawn by Indian Industries” Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management,
[18] K.G.Durga Prasad, K.Venkata Subbaiah, G.Padmavathi, (2012), “Application of Six Sigma Methodology in an Engineering Educational Institution”, International Journal Emerging Science, 2(2), June 2012
[19] Rajeshkumar u. Sambhe, Dr. Rajendra S. Dalu, (2011), “Evaluating Six Sigma Implementation in Medium Scale Indian Automotive Enterprises” International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST),
[20] Rakesh Kumar Tekade, Narendra Kumar Jain, (2008), “Six Sigma: a Growing Quality Management Strategy” article from Pharma Review, Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar. August 2008
[21] Prof.S.N.Teli, Dr. U.M.Bhushi, Mr.V.G.Surange, (2012), “Assessment of Cost of Poor Quality in Automobile Industry” International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA),
[22] R. González Falcón et. al (2012), “Improving Energy Efficiency in a Naphtha Reforming Plant Using Six Sigma Methodology” Fuel Processing Technology
[23] S. Arun vijay (2014), “Reducing and Optimizing the Cycle Time of Patients Discharge Process in a Hospital Using Six Sigma DMAIC Approach” International Journal for Quality Research 8(2)
[24] U. D. Gulhane et. Al (2012), “Six Sigma Implementation Model for File Manufacturing Industry” International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)
[25] Jeroen Demast, Joranlokkerbol (2011), “An Analysis of the Six Sigma DMAIC Method from the Perspective of Problem Solving” International Journal of Production Economics 139 (2012),
[26] Ploytip Jirasukprasert et. Al (2012), “A Case Study of Defects Reduction in a Rubber Gloves Manufacturing Process by Applying Six Sigma Principles and DMAIC problem Solving Methodology” Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Istanbul, Turkey 2012,
[27] Adan Valles et. Al (2009), “Implementation of Six Sigma in a Manufacturing Process: A case study‖”International Journal of Industrial Engineering,
[28] S. Suresh, a. L. Moe and a. B. Abu (2015), “Defects Reduction in Manufacturing of Automobile Piston Ring Using Six Sigma” Journal Of Industrial And Intelligent Information
[29] S.N.Teli, Dr.V.S.Majali, Dr.U.M.Bhushi, Sanjay Patil (2012), “Automotive Product Development Process (APDP) Strategy by Integrating Six Sigma to Reduce the Cost of Quality” IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
[30] Nilesh V Fursule Dr Satish V Bansode Swati N Fursule (2012), “Understanding the Benefits and Limitations of Six Sigma Methodology” International Journal Of Scientific And Research Publications,
[31] Lateef Ur Rehman, Ateekh-Ur-Rehman (2012), “Safety Management in a Manufacturing Company: Six Sigma Approach” Engineering, 2012,
[32] T. N. Goh (2002), “A Strategic Assessment of Six Sigma” Quality And Reliability Engineering International Quality Reliability Engineering, International 2002
[33] Md. Enamul Kabir, S. M. Mahbubul Islam Boby, Mostafa Lutfi, (2013), “Productivity Improvement by Using Six-Sigma” International Journal of Engineering and Technology
[34] Hongbo Wang (2006), “A Review of Six Sigma Approach: Methodology, Implementation and Future Research” IEEE paper
[35] Virender Narula, Sandeep Grover, “Six Sigma: Literature Review and Implications for Future Research”,International Journal of Industrial Engineering & Production Research, January 2015,
[36] Mr. Ganesh P. Jadhav, Mr. Sandeep B. Jadhav, Mr. Amol Bhagat, “Six Sigma DMAIC Literature Review” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, , December-2015

Vikram Singh, Aman Arora, Himanshu Sharma, "Literature Review -6σ DMAIC (An Acronym For Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve & Control)", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.05, Issue.02, pp.73-81, 2017.

The use of conventional concrete when used in large quantity takes more cost as compared to adapted concrete using the waste marble dust which is found from marble industries and fly ash found from thermal power plant. Also the compressive strength of concrete using marble dust and fly ash increases up to a certain extent which proves to be more economical. Cement is used in construction and it emits CO₂ in very huge amount which is harmful for environment. As the cement content in concrete going to be decrease so the sustainable development of environment takes place which in turn makes effective in terms of health of people.

Ordinary Portland Cement, Coarse Aggregate, Fine Aggregate, Fly Ash & Marble Dust

1. IS 456:2000 (plain and reinforced concrete).
2. M.S. Shetty “CONTRETE TECHNOLOGY”, 3rd Edition, S. Chand & Company Limited, Delhi, 1992.
3. V. Corinaldesi, G. Moriconi, T.R. Naik, Characterization of marble powder for its use in mortar and concrete United States, Construction and Building Materials. 24 (2009) 113–117.
4. M.S. Hameed, A.S.S. Sekar, Properties of green concrete containing quarry rock dust and marble sludge powder as fine aggregate. India, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 4 (4) (2009) 83–89.
5. IS10262:2009 (concrete mix proportioning– guidelines).
6. SSRG international journal of civil engineering (ssrg-ijce)-volume 3 issue 8- august 16.
7. International journal of engineering trends and technology (ijett)-volume 44 number 5-feb 17.
8. International journal of science technology and engineering |volume 2|issue 6| December
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9. International research journal of engineering and technology|volume:3 | issue :07| July 16
10. Concrete Engineering, Research Papers
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12. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies E-ISSN2249–8974

Niraj Kumar, Pradeep Kumar Goyal, "Experimental Study on concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement and Fine Aggregate by Fly Ash and Marble Dust", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.05, Issue.02, pp.82-86, 2017.

In this paper, we are presenting Mechatronic techniques which are used in industries for loading and unloading of raw materials. This paper introduces the process of the wagon loading and unloading of the raw materials presently used in the cement and other manufacturing industries. Mainly the Wagon system are used in mines, power plants, cement plants and other industries for loading the raw material and transporting them to other process of manufacturing. And the wagon unloading system is used for unloading the raw material received from the mines by the railway wagons. In industries BOXN and BOBRN wagons are frequently used. For loading and unloading the Wagons, coal conveying system is used that contains so many mechanical equipment. Presently there are mainly two types of wagon loading systems (a) Stationary Rake and moving loader (b) Moving rake and stationary loader In this paper, we are presenting latest technologies of recent tipplers that are automation based. Their controlling is done through many sensing instruments which is very effective and extensive. They are fail safe, accidental safe and environment friendly too. PLC SCADA is being used for proper automation controlling which may call mechatronics as whole.

Wagon, tippler, automation, side arm charger, side clamps, wheel gripper, dust suppression system

[1] Aniket A Nale, Dr. Kishor K Dhande, 2017 Structural Analysis of the Mainframe of the Hydraulic Side Arm Charger for Heavy Load.
[2] Somanath Ojha, Dr. Bhatu Kumar Pal, Dr. Bibhuti Bhusana Biswal, Dr. Jhareswar Maiti, 2016 Methodology for Operational Improvement in Coal Handling Plant- A Theoretical Review.
[3] Pradip.S.Langhe, Dr.R.S.Bindu, Bhalake suhas, 2015. Structural Analysis of Puller Cum Pusher System used in thermal Power Plant.
[4] Makarand Joshi, Implementation of Quality Management System for Coal Handling Plant of Thermal Power Station.
[5] Abhijeet S.khandekar, Vivek Padole, August 2015, Structure Frame Analysis & Design Optimization of Metal Forming Heavy Duty Hydraulic Press.
[6] Luc Tellier and Matthias Going, Wagon tipplers for more efficient unloading of bulk materials.

Sourabh Kumar Sen, Garima Sen, Vikram Singh Rajpurohit, "Recent Mechatronics Advancements in Cement & Power Industries for Coal Unloading", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.05, Issue.02, pp.87-92, 2017.

Retrofitting is a technique to increase the strength of exist building including stiffness, ductility, stability. Retrofitting is one of the best options to make an existing inadequate building safe against future probable earthquake or other environment forces. Retrofitting is the process of addition of new features to older building, heritage structure, and bridge. Retrofitting aims to strengthen a structure to satisfy the requirement of the current codes for seismic design. Retrofitting Re-strengthens of existing structure to make them more resistant to seismic action, motion of ground and failure of soil or liquefaction of soil, due to earthquake or other natural calamities such as cyclones, tornados and wind with high velocity caused by thunderstorm, hailstorm, snowfall etc. Structure loose their strength day by day so retrofitting increase their life or durability.

Retrofitting

[1] Handbook On Sesimic Retrofit Of Building ,Cental Powerwork Department And Indian Building Congress In Association With Iit Madras(April 2007)
[2] Garima Arora, M.Parvez Alam (2015).A Study On The Seismic Retrofitting Of The Structure
[3] Sumit Bhardwaj, Sabhir Ahammad Beldi (2015).A Review On Retrofitting
[4] Is 13935-2009.Seismic Evalution, Repair And Strengthening Of Masonry Building (Guidelines)
[5] Nikita Gupta, Poonam Dhiman, Anil Dhiman.Design And Detailing Of Rc Jacketing For Concrete Column
[6] Saurabh Shrivastawa.Repair And Rehabilitation Of Structure (2015)

Pradeep Kumar Goyal, Rohit Soni, Ramesh Kumar Dhaka, "Review on Retrofitting", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.05, Issue.02, pp.93-96, 2017.

The quality of water resources has a direct impact on the daily life of mankind and the sustainable development of society. However, with the rapid development of national industrialization, the current industrial wastewater discharge and improper handling have become more and more serious, especially for the growing domestic water pollution today; it is an urgent need for an efficient water quality monitoring system. With the rapid development of wireless sensor network application technology, people put forward higher requirements for the quality of water environment; wireless sensor network can be used in water environment for real-time monitoring of water quality.

water; water quality monitoring system; wireless sensor network

[1] Yu Haibin, Zeng Peng, Liang Ye, “Intelligent wireless sensor network system,” Science Press, pp. 8-11.
[2] Liu Guozhong, Wang Lei, Deng Wenyi, Li Yueqiang, Lu Feiguang, “Study on remote monitoring technology of environmental water quality,” Aviation Precision Manufacturing Technology, pp. 6-10, 2003.
[3] Jiang Peng, “Study on Key Technology of Remote Real-time Monitoring System for Wetland Water Environment Based on Wireless Sensor Network,” Technical Journal of Sensors and Actuators, pp. 187-190, 2007.
[4] Zulhani Rasin and Mohd Abdullah International Journal Engineering & Technology ,"Water Quality Monitoring System Using Zigbee Based Wireless Sensor Network", IJET Vol:9 No:10, http://www.ijens.org/91410-7575%20ijet-ijens.pdf
[5] Johan Lonn and Jonas Olsson, ”Zigbee for Wireless Networking”, March 15, 2005, http://webstaff.itn.liu.se/~shago/Exjobb/ZigBee.pdf
[6] J Goldman and D Estrin ,”Distributed Sensing System for Water Quality Assessment and Management”, Feb 1, 2007, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.138.7945&rep=rep1&type=pdf
[7] R R.Lakhe, “Wireless Network Using Zigbee” , International Journal of Engineering research and Applications (IJERA), http://www.ijera.com/special_issue/VNCET_Mar_2012/55.pdf
[8] Zigbee,Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBee
[9] (2009) The Zigbee Alliance website [Online] http: //www.zigbee.org/.
[10] Estuary Ethier, Bedard, Jeannette “ Development of a Real-Time Water Quality Buoy” for The Fraser River Estuary http://axystechnologies.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Development-of-a-real-time-water-quality-buoy-for-the-fraser-river-estuary.pdf.
[11] http://rfwireless-world.com/images/zigbee_network.jpg
[12] Feng Qishen, Li Yanwei, “Overview of water environmental capacity research,” Water Sciences and Engineering Technology, pp. 11-13, 2013.
[13] Jin Dongliang, Liu Yuwei, “Water environment assessment overview,” Water Resources Research, pp. 33-35, 2006.
[14] “Web Based Water Quality Monitoring with Sensor Network: Employing ZigBee and WiMax Technologies” by Steven Silva, Hoang N ghia Nguyen , Valentina Tiporlini and Kamal Alameh, 978-1-4577-1169-5/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE
[15] Jiang Peng, Huang Qingbo, Wang Jianzhong Research on Wireless Sensor Networks Routing Protocol for Water EnvironmentMonitoring 0-7695-2616-0/06 2006 IEEE
[16] F.Akyildiz lan, Su Weilian, Sankarasubramaniam Yogesh etc. A Survey on Sensor Networks 0163-6804/02 2002 IEEE.
[17] Tuan Le Dinh; Wen Hu; Sikka, P.; Corke, P.; Overs, L.; Brosnan, S,“Design and Deployment of a Remote Robust Sensor Network: Experiences from an Outdoor Water Quality Monitoring Network, ”Local Computer Networks, 32nd IEEE Conference on, pp 799-806, 2007
[18] “Solar based advanced water quality monitoring system using wireless sensor network”, R.Karthik Kumar, M.Chandra Mohan, S.Vengateshapandiyan, (IJSETR), Volume 3, Issue 3, March 2014.
[19] “Water Quality Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Networks”, Shruti Sridharan, (IJARECE) Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2014.

Bhupendra Singh Rawat, Gaurav Phulwari, Trimurti Narayan Pandey, "Water Quality Monitoring Using of Wireless Sensor", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.05, Issue.02, pp.97-102, 2017.

Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) process utilizes the spark discharge produced by gas film formation during electrolysis. In the conventional ECDM process, precise control of the spark generation is difficult because of the randomness of gas film formation which results in the significant deterioration of process qualities such as excessive overcut, poor machining accuracy and low machining repeatability. The undesirable overcut phenomenon strictly hinders the dimensional miniaturization of CDM process especially when the diameter of the applied tool is much smaller than 100 ptm. In this study a side insulated tool and dilute electrolyte concentration is proposed to reduce the undesirable overcut and thus, to improve the machining resolution of the ECDM process. Experiments are conducted with various machining parameters, such as spark ignition voltage, electrolyte concentration, and tool insulation. As a result, the feasibility of miniaturization in the ECDM process is phenomena. successfully improved by reducing the excessive overcut

ECDM,Micro fabrication,Ansys,Modeling. Micro-Electro-Mechanical systems(MEMS)

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[5]. K.L., Yadava, V. and Kathiresan, G. 2006. Finiteelement prediction of material removal rate due to electrochemical spark machining. Int J Mach Tool Manu 46:1699–1706.
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[7]. Cao, X.D., Kim, B.H. and Chu, C.N. 2012. Hybrid micromachining of glass using ECDM and micro grinding. Int J PrecisEng Man., 14(1): 5–10.
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[10]. N. and Jain, V.K. 1998. Experimental investigations into ECSD process using various tool kinematics. Int J Mach Tool Manu., 39: 15-27. Ghosh, A. 1997. Electrochemical Discharge Machining:
[11]. Jawalkar CS. Investigation on performance enhancement of ECDM process while machining glass. PhD thesis. Roorkee: Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 2013.
[12]. Jawalkar, C.S., Sharma, A.K. and Kumar, P. 2012.Micromachining with ECDM: research potentials andexperimental investigations. World AcadSci Eng Technol,61: 90–95.Khairy, A.B.E. and McGeough, J.A. 1989. Die-sinking by electroerosion-dissolution machining. CIRP Ann ManufTechnol, 39: 191-196.
[13]. Krӧtz, H., Roth, R. and Wegener, K. 2013. Experimental investigation and simulation of heat flux into metallic surfaces due to single discharges in micro-electrochemical arc machining (micro-ECAM). Int J AdvManufTechnol, 68: 1267–1275.
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Sandeep Kumar Pandey, Dilip Gehlot, Surbhi Singh, Lokesh Kharadi, "MODELING AND REVIEW ON ELECTROCHEMICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.05, Issue.02, pp.103-109, 2017.