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The main objectives of the soil stabilization are to increase the bearing capacity of the soil, weathering resistance and to enhance different properties of soil so as to make it more efficient. Unstable soils can create many problems such as in foundation and weak superstructure. Therefore it is necessary to stabilize the soil techniques to ensure the good stability and bearing capacity of soil and it can sustain more loads. According to times of India in our country 32000 million ton industrial waste is generated annually in which the ratio of fly ash and rice husk is 0.82%(265 million tons) and 0.41%(132 million tons) and out of that only 50 to 60% of these are utilized. Waste materials such Fly Ash, rice husk ash, pond ash may use to make the soil to be stable. Addition of such materials will increase the physical as well as chemical properties of the soil and also that is how we can more practically utilize these industrial wastes. Some properties which are expected to be improved are shear strength, unconfined compressive strength and bearing capacity etc. California bearing ratio (CBR) and other strength property tests were conducted on soil. By using waste material it reduces the cost of construction or we can say economical. The main problem with waste is their disposal so by using this we try to decrease their hazardous effect on environment. These materials show great results and can be useful in this sector as well also the results shows that they are not only the substitute of the conventional stabilizers but also they can be superior to them in some aspects.

Rice husk ash, Fly Ash, Stabilization, Lime, cement

[1]. Abu siddique and Bipradas rajbongshi, ““Mechanical properties of a cement stabilized coastal soil for use in road construction”, Journal of civil engineering the institution of Engineers” Vol. CE 30, NO. 1, 2002
[2]. Anil Misra, Debabrata Biswas and Sushant Upadhyaya (13 December 2004), “Physic- mechanical behavior of self-cementing class C Flyash-clay mixtures,” www.sciencedirect.com
[3]. Azm S. Al-Homoud, Taisir Khedaywi and Abdullah M. Al. Ajlouni (1999), “Comparison of effectiveness and economic feasibility of bitumen, lime and cement as stabilizing agents for reduction of swell potential of a clayey soil,” Indian Highways, January 1999, pp.51–58.
[4]. Costas A.Anagnostopoulos (2004), “Physical and Engineering Properties of a cement stabilized soft soil treated with Acrylic Resin additive,” www.ejge.com
[5]. Koteswara Rao, D., “Stabilization of Expansive Soil with Rice Husk Ash, Lime and gypsum”, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST) ISSN: 0975-5462 Vol. 3, No. 11 November 2011.
[6]. Yadu, L.K., Tripathi, R.K., and Singh, D.V. (2011c). “Comparison of Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash Stabilized Black Cotton Soil,” International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Volume 04, No. 06 SPL, pp 42-45.
[7]. Muntohar, S., and Hantoro, G., (2000), “Influence Rice Husk Ash and Lime on Engineering Properties of a Clayey Sub-grade”, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 5.
[8]. S. Bhuvaneshwari, R. G. Robinson and S. R. Gandhi, (2005), Stabilization of expansive soil using fly ash, Fly Ash Utilization Programme, (FAUP), TIAFC, DST, New Delhi
[9]. Erdal Cokca (2001) “Use Of Class C Fly Ashes for the Stabilization – of an Expansive Soil” Journal of Geotechnical and Geo environmental Engineering Vol. 127, July, pp. 568-5
[10] R M Brooks (2009), Soil stabilization with fly ash and rice husk ash, International Journal of Research and Reviews on Applied Science, 1, Issue 3, pp. 209-217.
[11] A Hossain and M Khandaker (2011), Stabilized soils in incorporating combinations of rice husk ash and cement kiln dust, Journal Of Materials In Civil Engineering, 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000310.
[12] J N Jhaand and K S Gill (2006), Effect of rice husk ash on lime stabilization, Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India), 87, Issue 28, pp. 33-39. [8] IS 2720 (Part1 – 5, 7, 10, 16), Indian Standard Methods of Tests

Dikshant Sharma, Ravina Lahari, "A Comparative Analysis between Conventional and Non-Conventional Stabilizers", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.05, Issue.02, pp.1-6, 2017.

Mechatronics is the synergistic combination of mechanical engineering, electronics, controls engineering, and computers, all integrated through the design process. The cost-effective incorporation of electronics, computers, and control elements in mechanical systems requires a new approach to design. Technical systems, be they small consumer or medical devices or large production processes, increasingly employ electronics and computers to give the final product or system the desired properties. Driving factors are e.g. functional and quality demands, energy utilization, environmental demands, or cost reductions. A striking example of this development can be found in the automotive area – the modern passenger car depends on the integration of the car’s mechanical subsystems with a substantial amount of embedded computers, sensors, actuators, and communication devices. In mechatronics, generally the objectives are to automate a process or to control parameters of system.

Mechatronics, Sensors, Controller, Feedback

[1] Sensors for mechatronics by Paul P.L. Regtien, Elsevier, 2012
[2] Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department. "What is Mechatronics Engineering?” Prospective Student Information. University of Waterloo. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
[3] Bishop, Robert H., Mechatronics: an introduction. CRC Press, 2006.
[4] Karnopp, Dean C., Donald L. Margolis, Ronald C. Rosenberg, System Dynamics: Modeling and Simulation of Mechatronic Systems, 4th Edition, Wiley, 2006. ISBN 0-471-70965-4 Bestselling system dynamics book using bond graph approach.
[5] Karnopp, Dean C., Donald L. Margolis, Ronald C. Rosenberg, System Dynamics: Modeling and Simulation of Mechatronic Systems, 4th Edition, Wiley, 2006. ISBN 0-471-70965-4 Bestselling system dynamics book using bond graph approach.
[6] Bradley, D.A., R.H. Bracewell and R.V. Chaplin, Engineering Design and Mechatronics: The Sche-mebuilder project, Research in Engineering Design 4, 241–248, 1993
[7] Vries, T.J.A. de, Conceptual Design of Controlled Electro-mechanical Systems –a Modelling Per-spective–, PhD Thesis, Control Laboratory, Univer-sity of Twente, 1994

Prem Pratap Singh Bhati, Vikram Singh Rajpurohit, Praveen Jaiman, "Advancements in Sensors and Controllers in Mechatronics", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.05, Issue.02, pp.7-13, 2017.

The objective of this paper is towards decreasing the rate of accidents in our day to day life and increasing the safety of passengers, improving the security systems in case of vehicular theft action. Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) are devices that consist of motionless or movable components with magnitude on the scale of a micrometer. One of majorly used device in MEMS is MEMS accelerometer for commercially purpose. These accelerometers typically consist of movable micro beams that determine acceleration in one or two orthogonal directions. MEMS technology contains broad variety of MEMS sensors that is widely used in the automotive industries. MEMS market is the second largest market in the world. As compared to the previous sensors MEMS sensor have advantages like fuel utilization reduction

MEMS, technology, technology management, automotive industry, sensor

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[14]KlimValeyev, HesamAkarnejad,&Marco Tundo “Air bag Sensor’’, IHS iSuppli Research,2011.

Gaurav Phulwari, Shani Khandelwal, Dhreej Singodia, "APPLICATION OF MEMS IN AUTOMOBILES INDUSTRY FOR INCRESAING THE SAFETY OF PASSENGERS", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.05, Issue.02, pp.14-18, 2017.

Millions of people around the world who enjoy the benefits provided by automobiles also suffer the agony of traffic pollution. However, advances in automotive technology are helping to stem the tide of pollution and recent investigations into the success of one specific anti-pollution automotive component has uncovered one of the planet’s greatest environmental success stories which may have global implications as the markets for new cars expand. The device is the catalytic converter, which cleans gases passing through vehicles’ exhaust systems. As exhaust gases passes through the catalysts, the chemical reactions convert the pollutants into harmless gases and water. Hydrocarbons react with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen react with carbon monoxide to produce nitrogen and carbon dioxide and with hydrogen to produce nitrogen and water vapor. The catalyst, which causes a faster chemical reaction at a lower temperature, is usually a mixture of the noble metals platinum, palladium and rhodium. In the present research a low-cost three-way catalytic converter was developed using MnO2 (Manganese-di-Oxide) as an oxidizing agent in place of CoO (Cobalt Oxide) and testing it on an IC engine. The results obtained from the project will enable commercial application of MnO2 in catalytic converters to reduce the cost as well as eliminate the possible health hazards of CoO which is used in the commercially available catalytic converters at present.

Catalytic Converter, air pollutants, Back Pressure

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Albert J J, Frank John, Mohit Ronald, Aman Arora, Himanshu Sharma, Anurag Hamilton, Jims John Wessl, "Design, Fabrication and Testing of a MnO₂ based Catalytic Converter", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.05, Issue.02, pp.19-26, 2017.

Asset management is a systematic process of maintaining, upgrading and operating assets. Road asset management is focused on bridges, traffic signs, pavement markings, culverts. This paper focuses on the development of traffic sign asset management system. For this we have to conduct a visual night time inspection method to find the Retro-reflectivity of a sign. This survey will be conducted at regular night time intervals. This survey will be conducted at minimum vehicle distances with vehicle high beam lights. And some of traffic signs should be failed the test they should not visible to the driver. And some signs need for maintenance. In the management study, we have to take manufacture cost of each sign and maintenance cost of the signs. For this we need to replace the some signs and maintenance should be required for some signs. And should note the latitude and longitude of the sign and create a file in the arc GIS and should plot a position of the each sign.

management system

1. Harris (2007), Analysis of Traffic Sign Asset Management Scenarios, transportation research board journals.
2. Omar Smadi, pp. 16–18, Infrastructure Asset Management Education, transportation research record
3. Pannapa Herabat, Paper No. 03-4251, Web-Based Rural Road Asset-Management System, transportation research record.
4. Sue McNeil, Paper No. 00-0314, asset management, transportation research record.
5. Traffic signal manual his majesty’s government of Nepal (august 1997). Ministry of Works and Transport, Department of Roads.
6. Venkata Pavan K. Immaneni , Joseph E. Hummer et.al. Synthesis of Sign Deterioration Rates Across the US.
7. Infrastructure and asset management plan of City of Tea Tree Gully (2013).
8. Geiger, D., Wells, P., Bugas-Schramm, S. Merida, D., et al. (2005). Transportation Asset Management in Australia, Canada, England, and New Zealand. Federal Highway Administration.

Samresh Kumar, Devendra sharma, Rahul Mahla, "Development of parameters of traffic sign management system in India", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.05, Issue.02, pp.27-31, 2017.

In this paper, contribution of variables of domestic urban water demand considered for the purpose of prediction of urban water supply in planned colonies of the City of Ajmer. The data for these 15 variables are entered in the factor analysis under principal component, generalised least square and maximum likelihood method, and five factors/variables are extracted, comprising combinations of these 15 variables. Based on these five principal components (PCs) variables a multi linear regression (PCR) coefficient of 0.76, 0.64 and 0.62 are obtained by the principal component, generalised least square and maximum likelihood model respectively. These five significant principal components are further fed into a multilayer perceptron neural network (NN) model for water demand forecasting. The linear regression coefficient of MLP NN (PCs) is 0.76, very close to the principal component multiple linear regression (stepwise) coefficient of 0.76, and verifying the dependence of water demand on these five principal components. The better result is showing by factor analysis under PCR compare to the factor analysis under Maximum Likelihood and Generalised Least Square methods. The lowest average percentage difference of predicted value is -2.64 PCs MLP (NN) and -2.08 were giving by PCR (PC) respectively. The outcome of the study suggests that the extracted variables are significant for estimation of water demand for planned colonies of Ajmer city.

Factor analysis, (PCA), generalised least square (GLS), maximum likelihood (MLH), principal component regression (PCR), neural network (NN), domestic water demand

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Ganpat Singh, Arun Goel and Mahender Choudhary, "Domestic water demand predicting by factors analysis of planned colony in Ajmer, Rajasthan (India)", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.05, Issue.02, pp.32-40, 2017.

Electrochemical micromachining is an advanced machining process that used for cutting complex shapes, 3-D profiles which is difficult for conventional machining. In the present work, reviews are conduct based on ECMM experimental investigations. The effect of ECMM process parameter on material removal rate (MRR), overcut (OC), kerf shape. Various optimization tools like Taguchi, Response surface methodology (RSM), as well as prediction tools like artificial neural network (ANN), finite element method (FEM), are implemented. ECMM offers several advantages including higher machining rate and better surface finish than another conventional machining process.

ECMM, 3-D profile, ANN

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P.K Goyal, Kamal Singh, Sunil Kumar Bhati, Dilip Gehlot, "Electrochemical and Discharge Micro Machining: A Review", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.05, Issue.02, pp.41-48, 2017.

To increase the productivity in machining industries demand for minimum cutting force, better surface finish and accuracy has been increasing rapidly in recent years. Therefore, this paper focuses on an effective approach for the optimization of process parameters. This paper investigate the effect of cutting parameters such as cutting speed, feed and depth of cut on the performance characteristics cutting force in turning of AISI 4340 steel with brazed tungsten carbide turning tools. The effects of the process parameters on performance characteristics cutting force are investigated by using Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results show that the depth of cut is majorly affecting the cutting force, followed by feed rate. The experimental data were further analyzed and to correlate with cutting parameters using linear regression analysis. Finally machined surface of the workpiece were examined under optimal cutting conditions such as CV = 75 m/min, FR = 0.4 mm/rev and DOC = 0.5 mm) and found the minimum force is equal to 5.09kg.

AISI 4340 steel, Cutting force, Lathe Tool Dynamometer

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[7] Maheshwari Patil , Dr.R.J.Patil (2012), “Study Effect Of HSS Single Point Cutting Tool Nose Radius On Cutting Edge Strength And Tool Wear In Machining Of EN9’, IJSR, Volume-3, pg 2563-2567
[8] Lan T.-S., Lo C. Y., Wang M.-Y. and Yen A-Y, “Multi Quality Prediction Model of CNC Turning Using Back Propagation Network”, Information. Proceeding of American society of mechanical engineers, (2008).
[9] Palanikumar K. and Karunamoorthy L., “Optimization of Machining Parameters in Turning GFRP Composites Using a Carbide (K10) Tool Based on the Taguchi Method with Fuzzy Logics”, metals and materials International, Vol. 12, No. 6 (2006), pp. 483-491.
[10] Dhavamani C. and Alwarsamy T., “review on optimization of machining”, international journal of academic research, (2011), Vol. 3. No. 3. May, II Part.

Pankaj Jain, Kuldeep, Suryabhan Kumar, "Experimental Investigation for Cutting Force by Optimizing Machining Parameters with Taguchi Method in Turning of AISI 4340 Steel", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.05, Issue.02, pp.49-54, 2017.

The use of conservative concrete when used in large volume takes more cost as compared to modified concrete using the waste marble dust and fly ash obtained from thermal power plant. Also the strength of concrete using marble dust and fly ash increases up to a certain extent which proves to be more inexpensive. Cement is used in construction and it emits CO₂ in very large amount which damaging environment. As the cement content in concrete going to be decrease so the sustainable development of environment takes place which in turn makes effective in terms of health of people.

ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT, COARSE AGGREGATE, FINE AGGREGATE, FLY ASH & MARBLE DUST.

[1]. IS 456:2000 (plain and reinforced concrete).
[2]. IS10262:2009 (concrete mix proportioning– guidelines).
[3]. SSRG international journal of civil engineering (ssrg-ijce)-volume 3 issue 8- august 16.
[4]. International journal of engineering trends and technology (ijett)-volume 44 number 5-feb 17.
[5]. International journal of science technology and engineering |volume 2|issue 6| December 15
[6]. International research journal of engineering and technology|volume:3 | issue :07| July 16

Pradeep Kumar Goyal, Niraj Kumar, Devendra Kumar Sharma, "Experimental Investigation on Concrete with Replacement of Cement & Fine Aggregate by Fly Ash & Marble Dust", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.05, Issue.02, pp.55-67, 2017.

Structures built with brick units bonded together by mortar in between are called brick masonry structure, and very common in India. Masonry is made up of two distinct and very different components –the brick themselves, and, the mortar which have different material properties, with brick usually having a higher strength and stiffness compared to mortar. Further mortar is usually cementations material having little tensile strength and showing brittle behavior. Use of appropriate reinforcement in mortar could substantially improve the performance of brick masonry of shear, bond, compression, energy, absorption (toughness) and crack resistance and this thesis investigated the improvements in the case when short fibers are used. An attempt was made to study the properties of fiber reinforcement mortar (FRM) and its application in masonry structures using appropriate experiments. Cement sand mortars were cast using different volumes of fibers and tested in compression and spilt tension. After narrowing down the range of suitable mix proportions, compression and shear bond tests were performed using appropriately prepared brick masonry units (BMUs) prepared with plain mortar and FRM. In the first part of study, the tests were carried out in accordance with ASTM C780, and other relevant Indian specification. For testing the BMUs, the compression tests were carried out according to standardized procedures, but an original procedure had to be developed for testing the BMU in shear. As far as the effect of fiber addition or mortar properties is concerned, it was found that as fiber is added to the matrix, the compressive strength increases by only 5-10% while the ultimate deformation decreases. However, the increase in the split tensile strength and the toughness was found to be 18-25% and 4-5 times, respectively. Whereas specimens without fiber content between 0.1% and 0.25%, showed capability to take load even after the ultimate load has been reached. Test using BMUs ,showed that the compressive strength increased by about 15 to 20 % upon using the FRM also ,it Was found that these sample retained a basic level of structural integrity even beyond the ultimate loadthe failure of BMUs made with plain mortar showed more disintegration and a brittle failure. The Kcr, which is a measure of cracks propagation, was found to reach a much higher level for the unit with FRM.Since the cost of FRM is only about 10% higher than plane mortar, the overall an impact on using felt building almost negligible, it is felt that masonry structure with better seismic performance can become reality, though some more field level experiment are required.

cement I.S 1489:(Part I fly ash based) ,RECRON 3s fiber,fine aggregate,coarse aggregate,brick-I class,water,standard sand

[1]. ACI Manual 544.1R - Fiber Reinforced Concrete (Table 4.1) .
[2]. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol.4, No.8, August 2011.
[3]. Anderson,D.E, and Hoffman, E.S. Design of Brick Masonry Columns, Proceedings of fist International conference on masonry structural system, UniversityTexas Texas, Austin, pp.94-100,1969.
[4]. ASTM C 1314-03b : Standard Test Method for compressive strength of Masonry prisms, ASTM fourth edition,2001.
[5]. IS 1542 : Indian standard sand for plaster – specification, Bureau of Indian Standard , 1992( Reprint Feb 1999 ).
[6]. IS 2116: Indian standard specification for sand for masonry mortar Bureau of Indian Standard , 1980 ( Reprint Feb 1999 ).
[7]. IS 2250: Indian standard Code of practice for preparation and use of Masonry mortar , Bureau of Indian Standard , 1981 ( Reprint Feb 1993).
[8]. IS 1489: (Part 1 Fly Ash based ): Indian standard specification Portland Pozzolana Cement , Bureau of Indian Standard , 1991 Third Revision ( Reprint March 1993).
[9]. IS 3495:Method of Test of Burnt Clay Building Brick -Part 1: Determination of compressive strength , Bureau of Indian Standard , 1981 Part 1 to 4 : 1993.

Ishak mohammad, Niraj kumar, Mohd.jishan, "Experimental Study of Fiber Reinforcement Mortar and its Application in Masonry Structure", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.05, Issue.02, pp.58-67, 2017.