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In past few decades, there has been rapid progress in internet based technology and application areas for computer networks have emerged. But number of attacks on network has increased dramatically due to which interest of researchers in the network intrusion detection has also increased. Intrusion detection is a type of security management system for computers and networks. An intrusion detection system gathers and analyzes information from various areas within computer or network to identify possible security breaches, which include both intrusion and misuse. Intrusion detection system also helps in detecting anomalies in network traffic. Intrusion Detection system follows a two-step process. The first procedures are host-based and are considered the passive component, these include: inspection of the system`s configuration files to detect inadvisable settings; inspection of the password files to detect inadvisable passwords; and inspection of other system areas to detect policy violations. The second procedures are network-based and are considered the active component: mechanisms are set in place to reenact known methods of attack and to record system responses. Aim of this research paper is to review current trends in intrusion detection system and analyze current problems that exist in this area. Some key features, attacks detected by different types of IDs are explained in this paper.

Detection Methods , Intrusion Detection , Types Of Attacks, Mechanism

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[8] Karmore, Preetee K.; Bodkhe, Sonali T, �A Survey on Intrusion in Ad Hoc Networks and its Detection Measures,� Proc. International Journal on Computer Science & Engineering, 2011, vol. 3, Issue 5, pp. 1896-1903.

M. Chowdhary, S. Suri, M. Bhutani, "Comparative Study of Intrusion Detection System," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.4, pp.197-200, 2014.

Handwriting Recognition (or HWR) is the ability of a computer to receive and interpret comprehensible handwritten input from sources such as paper documents, photographs, touch-screens and other devices. The image of the written text may be sensed "Offline" from a piece of paper by optical scanning (optical character recognition) or intelligent word recognition. Neural Network concept is the most efficient recognition tool which is dependent on sample learning. Mean square error function is the basic performance function which is most broadly used and affects the network directly. Various performance functions are being evaluated in this paper so as to get a conclusion as to which performance function would be effective for usage in the network so as to produce an efficient and effective system. The training of back propagation neural network is done with the application of Offline Handwritten Character Recognition using MATLAB simulator.

Back Propagation Algorithm, Performance Function, Mean Square Error Algorithm

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S. Kumar, V.K. Mishra, S. Singh, N. Vimal , "Comparative Analysis of various Performance Functions for Training a Neural Network," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.4, pp.201-205, 2014.

Many stenographers would agree that, had it not been for virtual machines, the simulation of Web services might never have occurred. Given the status of signed configurations, researchers daringly desire the evaluation of write-ahead logging. GOLL, our new solution for the analysis of von Neumann machines, is the solution to all of these issues. Our solution is related with electronic modalities, randomized algorithms and client-server modalities. We argued not only that information retrieval systems and access points are mostly incompatible, but that the same is true for congestion control. So, In this paper we have implemented a optimized method to overcome producer- consumer problem.

Artificial Intelligence ; Clustering ; B-Tree; Fuzzy Logic

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V. Singh, A. Aggarwal, "GOLL: A Methodology for the Simulation of the Producer Consumer Problem," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.4, pp.206-209, 2014.

The time needed to scrape out any true information is for the most part used on information preprocessing. The information preprocessing stage lays the foundation for information mining with which, the client extricate and distinguish pertinent data from the World Wide Web. In this paper, we examine information preprocessing systems and different steps included in getting the obliged substance adequately. A powerful web log preprocessing technique is constantly proposed for web log preprocessing to concentrate the client designs. The information cleaning method uproots the unessential passages from web log and sifting calculation disposes of the uninterested characteristics from log record.

Preprocessing, Web usage, Web log

Raza �An Automated User Transparent Approach to log Web URLs for Forensic Analysis� Fifth International Conference on IT Security Incident Management and IT Forensics 2009.
[2] Yan LI, Boqin FENG and Qinjiao MAO, �Research on Path Completion Technique In Web Usage Mining�, IEEE International Symposium On Computer Science and Computational Technology, pp. 554-559, 2008.
[3] Tasawar Hussain, Dr. Sohail Asghar and Nayyer Masood, �Hierarchical Sessionization at Preprocessing Level of WUM Based on Swarm Intelligence �, 6th International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET) IEEE, pp. 21-26, 2010.
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[7] JING Chang-bin and Chen Li, � Web Log Data Preprocessing Based On Collaborative Filtering �, IEEE 2nd International Workshop On Education Technology and Computer Science, pp.118-121, 2010.
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R. Chourasia, P. Choudhary, "An Approach For Web Log Pre-Processing And Evidence Preservation For Web Mining," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.4, pp.210-216, 2014.

Introduction should lead the reader to the importance of the study; tie-up published literature with the aims of the study and clearly states the rationale behind the investigation. It should state the purpose and summarize the rationale for the study and gives a concise background. Use references to provide the most salient background rather than an exhaustive review. The last sentence should concisely state your purpose for carrying out the study.

Server Time Line Analysis, Server Log, Event Log, Web Analysis

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P. Khatik and P. Choudhary, "An Implementation of Time Line Events Visualization Tool Using Forensic Digger Algorithm," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.4, pp.16-20, 2014.

Most oil pumping units (OPUs) have been using manual control in the oilfield. This existing oil- pumping system has a high power-consuming process and has incapability�s of OPU�s structural health monitoring. Due to the environmental conditions and remote locations of oil sites, it is expensive to physically visit for maintenance and repair. This paper develops a sensor network based intelligent control is proposed for power economy and efficient oil well health monitoring. The system consists of several basic sensors such as voltage sensor, level sensor, MEMS sensor, temperature sensor and gas sensor. The sensed data is given to the ARM controller which processes the oil wells data and it is given to the oil pump control unit which controls the process accordingly. If any abnormality is detected then the fault is informed to the maintenance manager. The malfunction is sent as an SMS to the manager�s mobile via GSM.

OPUs, MEMS, Wireless Sensor Networks

[1] T. Becker, M. Kluge, J. Schalk, K. Tiplady, C. Paget, U. Hilleringmann,and T. Otterpohl, �Autonomous sensor nodes for aircraft structural healt monitoring,� IEEE Sensors J., vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 1589�1595,Nov. 2009.
[2] M. J. Whelan, M. V. Gangone, and K. D. Janoyan, �Highway bridge assessment using an adaptive real-time wireless sensor network,� IEEE Sensors J., vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 1405�1413, Nov. 2009.
[3] C. Cheng, C. Tse, and F. Lau, �A delay-aware data collection network structure for wireless sensor networks,� IEEE Sensors J., vol. 11, no.1, Apr. 2011.
[4] Q. Ling, Z. Tian, Y. Yin, and Y. Li, �Localized structural health monitoring using energy-efficient wireless sensor networks,� IEEE Sensor J., vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 1596�1604, Nov. 2009.
[5] F. Hu, Y. Xiao, and Q. Hao, �Congestion-aware, loss- resilient biomonitoring sensor networking for mobile health applications,�IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 450�465, Apr. 2009.
[6] N. A. Bertoldo, S. L. Hunter, R. A. Fertig, G. W. Laguna, and D. H. MacQueen, �Development of a real-time radiological area monitoring network for emergency response at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,�IEEE Sensors J., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 56�573, Apr.2005.
[7] F. Hu, Y. Xiao, and Q. Hao, �Congestion-aware, loss- resilient biomonitoring sensor networking for mobile health applications,� IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 450�465, Apr. 2009.
[8] M. Venugopal, K. E. Feuvrel, D. Mongin, S. Bambot, M. Faupel, A.Panangadan, A. Talukder, and R. Pidva, �Clinical evaluation of novel interstitial fluid sensor system for remote continuous alcohol monitoring,� IEEE Sensors J., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 71�80, Jan. 2008.
[9] R.Nathiya and S.G.Santhi, "Energy Efficient Routing with Mobile Collector in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Volume-02, Issue-02, Page No (36-43), Feb -2014.

Sharmila R, Suganya. A, Gnanavel. G, "Oil Well Health Monitoring and Intelligent Controlling Using Wireless Sensor Network," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.4, pp.221-224, 2014.

In the development of digital communication the need for security of data is often required. In this paper, a new method is Crystography, a combination of Cryptography and Steganography together through image processing. Cryptography is the process of converting the data into gibberish form whereas; Steganography is to embed secret data in a multimedia file as carriers, so that it will not be able to detect that a secret data existing in the file. This system is able to perform both techniques using keys for Cryptography and image as cover objects for Steganography. So, first the data is converted into cipher text using RSA algorithm of Cryptography. Secondly the encrypted data is to be hidden using LSB algorithm of Steganography. By combining both techniques more security is obtained.

Crystography, Cryptography, Steganography

Ankit Anand and Pushkar Praveen �Implementation of RSA Algorithm on FPGA� International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 1 Issue 5, July � 2012.
[2] Chandra M. Kota and Cherif Aissi1� Implementation Of The RSA Algorithm And Its Cryptanalysis� ASEE Gulf-Southwest Annual Conference, The University of Louisiana at Lafayette, March 20 � 22, 2002.
[3] Fadhil Salman Abed A Proposed Method Of Information Hiding Based On Hybrid Cryptography And Steganography in International Journal of application in Engineering and Management, Vol 2, Issue 4, 2013
[4] Gurmeet Kaur and Aarti Kochhar,A �Steganography Implementation Based On LSB & DCT � International Journal for Science and Emerging Technologies with Latest Trends� in vol 4, 2012.
[5] Mihir,H and Rajyaguru �Crystography: combination of cryptography and steganography� in International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2012.
[6] Inderjeet Kaur �Digital Stegnaography:hiding data within data� in ITM voyager volume 2, no 1, july-dec 2005.
[7] Padmashree,G and Venugopala,P �Audio Steganography and Cryptography: Using LSB Algorithm at 4th and 5th LSB layers� in International Journal Of Engineering and innovative Technology volume 2, issue 4, October 2012.
[8] Samidha Diwedi Sharma and Dipesh Agrawal �Analysis of Random Bit Image Steganography Techniques� in International Journal of Computer Applications 2013.
[9] Po-Yueh Chen* and Hung-Ju Lin �A DWT Based Approach for Image Steganography� in International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 2006. 4, 3: 275-290
[10] K B Shiva Kumar, "Bit Length Replacement Steganography Based On DCT Coefficients", in International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 2(8), Pg: 3561-3570,2010.

Suganya A., Sharmila R., Gopinathan N., "A New Method of Secure Communication with Crystography," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.4, pp.225-228, 2014.

Statistically about 50percent of road accident is due to the driver drowsiness. In this paper, we describe a real time online protocol that controls the vehicle depends on the driver fatigue level. A direct technique is to analyse the EEG (Electroencephalography) signal. An electrode is placed in driver scalp and acquired the EEG signal of driver at every moment, for feature extraction the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) is used. Then, the feature extracted EEG signal is given to the microcontroller. It can detect the various threshold level of the driver fatigue, then compare and depends upon the driver fatigue level it can control the speed of the vehicle at certain limit. The gas sensor is used to detect the ac gas leakage ,depend on the sensing signal the microcontroller open a car window automatically, in order to reduce the Freon ac gas it mixed with the co2 gas.

EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG, FFT, System Architecture

[1] Shashank Kulkarni, Kashyap Malthish� Development of Microcontroller Based Ambulatory Instrument to Detect Drowsiness� Nov 2012.
[2] S.Zutao Zhang�,A.Jiashu Zhang �A Novel Vehicle Safety Model : Vehicle speed Controller under driver Fatigue�,VOL.9 No.1 , January 2009.
[3] L.M. King1, H.T. Nguyen1, S. K. L. Lal2 �Early Driver Fatigue Detection from Electroencephalography Signals using Artificial Neural Networks�, Aug 30-Sept 3, 2006.
[4] E. Rogado, J.L. Garc�a, R. Barea, L.M. Bergasa, Member IEEE and E. L�pez " Driver Fatigue Detection System� February 21 - 26, 2009.
[5] Nidhi Sharma, Banga V.K., �Development of Drowsiness Warning System Based on the Fuzzy Logic�, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975-2227), Volume 8-No.9., October 2010.
[6] NHTSA(2009), � Drowsy Driving and Automobile Crashes�, NCSDR/NHTSA Expert Panel on Driver Fatigue and Sleepiness, Washington D. C., June 2009
[7] Mai Suzuki, Nozomi Yamamoto, Osami Yamamoto,T omoaki Nakano and Shin Yamamoto (2006). �Measurement of Driver`s Consciousness by Image Processing-A Method forPresuming Driver`s Drowsiness by Eye-Blinks coping with Individual Differences�.IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics,October 8-11 Taipei, Taiwan.
[8] Rangaraj M. Rangayyan, �Biomedical Signal Analysis: A Case Study Approach�, IEEE Press, Wiley Interscience, 2002.

R. Sharmila, Gnanavel G., Sharmila R., "Driver Fatigue Monitoring Using EEG Signal and Gas Seepage Detection," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.4, pp.229-332, 2014.

MANETs have three types of routing protocols, Reactive protocols, Proactive protocols and Hybrid Protocols. The routing protocols designed majorly for internet are fundamentally different from the mobile Ad-Hoc networks (MANET). In research community very little attention has been given towards performance issues in MANET. This review focuses on MANETs focused mainly on comparing different reactive protocols or proactive protocols.

MANETS, Performance Issues, Protocols

[1]. Neeraj Kumar Pandey and Amit Kumar Mishra, "An Augmentation in a Readymade Simulators Used for MANET Routing Protocols: Comparison and Analysis", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Volume-02, Issue-03, Page No (60-63), Mar -2014
[2]. Dipali D. Punwatkar and Kapil N. Hande, "A Review of Malicious Node Detection in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Volume-02, Issue-02, Page No (65-69), Feb -2014
[3]. Deepesh Tamrakar, Sreshtha Bhattacharya and Shitanshu Jain, "A Scheme to Eliminate Redundant Rebroadcast and Reduce Transmission Delay Using Binary Exponential Algorithm in Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks", ISROSET-International Journal of Scientific Research in Network Security and Communication, Volume-02, Issue-02, Page No (1-5), Mar -Apr 2014.
[4]. Leena Pal, Pradeep Sharma and Netram Kaurav, "Performance Analysis of Reactive and Proactive Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad-hoc �Networks", ISROSET-International Journal of Scientific Research in Network Security and Communication, Volume-01, Issue-05, Page No (1-4), Nov -Dec 2013.
[5]. Pradeep Sharma, Shivlal Mewada and Aruna Bilavariya, "Group Rekeying Management Scheme for Mobile Ad-hoc Network", ISROSET-International Journal of Scientific Research in Network Security and Communication, Volume-01, Issue-05, Page No (5-12), Nov -Dec 2013.
[6]. Pradeep Kumar Sharma, Shivlal Mewada and Pratiksha Nigam, "Investigation Based Performance of Black and Gray Hole Attack in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network", ISROSET-International Journal of Scientific Research in Network Security and Communication, Volume-01, Issue-04, Page No (8-11), Sep -Oct 2013
[7]. Tamilarasan, Santhamurthy. "A Quantitative Study and Comparison of AODV, OLSR and TORA Routing Protocols in MANET." International Journal of Computer Science Issues(IJCSI) 9, no. 1 (2012).
[8]. Khiavi, Mina Vajed, Shahram Jamali, and Sajjad Jahanbakhsh Gudakahriz. "Performance Comparison of AODV, DSDV, DSR and TORA Routing Protocols in MANETs." International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 3, no. 7 (2012): 1429-1436.
[9]. Bakht, Humayun. "Survey of routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc network."International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research1, no. 6 (2011).
[10]. Nyirenda, Bained, and Jason Mwanza. "Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs)." Blekinge Institute of Technology� in January (2009).
[11]. Parvez, Md Masud, Shohana Chowdhury, SM Bulbul Ahammed, AKM Fazlul Haque, and Mohammed Nadir Bin Ali. "Improved Comparative Analysis of Mobile Ad-hoc Network." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 2, no. 8 (2012): 205-211..
[12]. Thamizhmaran, K., R. Santosh Kumar Mahto, and V. Sanjesh Kumar Tripathi. "Performance Analysis of Secure Routing Protocols in MANET." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering 1, no. 9 (2012).

N. Mannan, S. Khurana, "Comparative Analysis of Reactive Protocols in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.4, pp.233-237, 2014.

Metrics have been used to measure many attributes of software. For object oriented software, cohesion indicates the level of binding of the class elements. A class with high cohesion is one of the desirable properties of a good object oriented design. A highly cohesive class is less prone to faults and is easy to develop and maintain. Several object oriented cohesion metrics have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, we propose a new cohesion metric, the High Precision Cohesion Metric (HPCM) to overcome the limitations of the existing cohesion metrics. We also propose seven hypotheses to investigate the relationship between HPCM and other object oriented metrics. The hypotheses are verified with data collected from 500 classes across twelve open source Java projects. We have used Pearson�s coefficient to analyze the correlation between HPCM and the metrics in the hypotheses. To further bolster our results we have included p-value to confirm the statistical significance of the findings.

Object Oriented Metrics; Cohesion; High Precision

[1] G. Concas, M. Marchest, G. Destefanis and R. Tonelli, An empirical study of software metrics for assessing the phases of an agile product, International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, June 2012, vol. 22, no. 04, pp. 525-548
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Kayarvizhy N., Kanmani S., Rhymend U.V., "Hypotheses Verification for High Precision Cohesion Metric," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.4, pp.238-243, 2014.